Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/saŋńan

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*saŋńan

1. smoke

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 尚加 (šanggiyan /⁠šang-gia⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᡧᠠᠩᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (šanggiyan)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: ха̄нин (hāņin)
    • Evenki: саӈнян (saŋņan), саңнян (saŋņan)
    • Negidal: саӈн’ан (saŋn'an)
    • Oroqen: ʃaŋŋan
    • Solon: saŋa
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: саӈня(н) (saŋnja(n)), саӈн’а(н) (saŋn'ja(n))
      • Udihe: саӈня (saŋnja)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: сангнян (sangnyan)
      • Orok: саӈна (saŋna), саӈнака (saŋnaka)
      • Ulch: саӈн’а(н) (saŋn'an)

• Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 63
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 138.