Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-den

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *-dan
• *-tin
• *-tan
• *-din
• *-dïn
• *-tin
• *-tïn

*-de (“locative-ablative suffix”) +‎ *-(i)n (“instrumental suffix”), the form *-din shows the duality created by the instrumental suffix.

*-den

1. Used to form ablative of nouns.

   ‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-den → ‎*ebden (“from the house”)

1. Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the consonants l, r and n are followed by the strong consonant form; remaining sounds are followed by the soft consonant form. For example;

   ‎*ol (“third person singular”) + ‎*-den → ‎*antan (“from there”)

• *-ni (“accusative case”)
• *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
• *-ka (“dative case”)
• *-de (“locative case”)
• *-gerü (“allative case”)
• *-če (“equative case”)

• Oghur:
  • Bulgar: ڔَان- (-ran) (as in ڊنيَاڔَان (dönyaran, “from world”))
    • Chuvash: -тен (-ten), -рен (-ren)

• Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+dIn”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 174
• Krueger, John Richard (1961) Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 107