Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kǖd-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From *kǖ- (“to wait; to wait for”) + *-d.
However, the exact morphological nature of some of the descendants with final -t are uncertain. There have been multiple theories:
- Clauson and Nishanyan suggest that they are simply variants of *kǖd-.
- Nishanyan also suggests a backformation from a past form *kǖtti, compare the causative form *kǖttür- (“to make wait; to make graze”).
- EDAL and Nishanyan also suggest a derivation *kǖd- + *-üt-.
- ESTJa suggests a derivation *kǖ- + *-t-.
Verb
*kǖd-
- (intransitive) to wait
- (transitive) to wait for someone
- (intransitive) to attend
- (intransitive) to respect
- (transitive) to graze
Conjugation
Conjugation of *kǖd- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: кӗт (kĕt, “to wait; to graze”)
- Common Turkic:
- Oghuz: كوُذْماكْ (kǖδmēk, “to wait; to graze”)
- Old Anatolian Turkish: كويمك (küymek, “to wait”), كوتمك (kütmek, “to graze”)
- Uyghur-Oghuz:
- East Oghuz:
- ⇒? Turkmen: göze güýdüşmek
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: كوُتُّرْماكْ (kǖttürmēk, “to make graze”)
- Uyghur: (kütmek)
- Uzbek: kutmoq
- Karakhanid: كوُتُّرْماكْ (kǖttürmēk, “to make graze”)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
- Siberian:
References
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 187, 441
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kü:d-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 701
- Tekin, Talât (1995) “kǖ-”, in Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13), Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 185
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 107
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 312
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gǖd-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “gütmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük