Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kem
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology 1
Derived from the interrogative particle *ka-.
Compare Proto-Uralic *ke (“who”) and Proto-Mongolic *ken (“who”), whence also Mongolian хэн (xen, “who”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronoun
Declension
Declension of *kem (pronominal-n declension)
| Singular | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kem |
| Accusative | *kemni |
| Genitive | *kemniŋ |
| Dative | *kemke |
| Locative | *kemte |
| Ablative | *kemden |
| Allative 1) | *kemgerü |
| Instrumental 1) | *kem bile |
| Equative 1) | *kemče |
| Similative 1) | {{{10}}} |
| Comitative 1) | {{{11}}} |
1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
Descendants
Etymology 2
Similar to Proto-Mongolic *gem (“defect, illness”). [6][7][8][9]
Noun
*kem
Declension
Declension of *kem
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kem |
| Accusative | *kemig, *kemni1) |
| Genitive | *kemniŋ |
| Dative | *kemke |
| Locative | *kemde |
| Ablative | *kemden |
| Allative | *kemgerü |
| Instrumental 2) | *kemin |
| Equative 2) | *kemče |
| Similative 2) | *kemleyü |
| Comitative 2) | *kemligü |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghuz:
- Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Southern Altai: кем (kem)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Karluk:
- ⇒ Karakhanid: (ig-kem)
- Siberian:
References
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem, *ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 720-721
- ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 271
- ^ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 67-68, 191-192
- ^ Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 69-70
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 720
- ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 250
- ^ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 34-35