Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kulkak
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *kulkï (“ear wax, middle ear”), however the exact relationship remains unclear; compare Mongolian хулхи (xulxi, “ear-wax, inner ear”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) Proto-Tungusic *xūl- (“to sound”) and Proto-Uralic *kule- (“to hear”) are also compared.
Noun
*kulkak
Declension
Declension of *kulkak
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kulkak |
| Accusative | *kulkakïg, *kulkaknï1) |
| Genitive | *kulkaknïŋ |
| Dative | *kulkakka |
| Locative | *kulkakda |
| Ablative | *kulkakdan |
| Allative | *kulkakgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *kulkakïn |
| Equative 2) | *kulkakča |
| Similative 2) | *kulkaklayu |
| Comitative 2) | *kulkaklïgu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Northern Kipchak:
- Western Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Nogai:
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: qulaq
- Oghuz:
- Siberian:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kulkak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 621
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, pages 124-127
- Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 204-205
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul-kak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill