Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kǖl-

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kül-

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*kǖl-

  1. (transitive) to tether, bind feet

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kǖl- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive *kǖlmek
participle present *kǖlgen, kǖlügme, kǖlür
past *kǖltük, kǖlmiš
future *kǖlteči, kǖlmekči, kǖlsik, kǖleček
verbal noun *kǖlme, kǖlüg, kǖlgü
way of doing *kǖlüš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *kǖlür ben *kǖlür sen *kǖlür *kǖlür biz *kǖlür siz *kǖlür
past simple *kǖltüm *kǖltüŋ *kǖlti *kǖltük, kǖltümüz *kǖltüŋüz *kǖlti
inferential *kǖlmiš ben *kǖlmiš sen *kǖlmiš *kǖlmiš biz *kǖlmiš siz *kǖlmiš
future simple *kǖlteči ben, kǖlmekči ben, kǖleček ben *kǖlteči sen, kǖlmekči sen, kǖleček sen *kǖlteči, kǖlmekči, kǖleček *kǖlteči biz, kǖlmekči biz, kǖleček biz *kǖlteči siz, kǖlmekči siz, kǖleček siz *kǖlteči, kǖlmekči, kǖleček
predictive *kǖlgey ben *kǖlgey sen *kǖlgey *kǖlgey biz *kǖlgey siz *kǖlgey
necessitive *kǖlsüküm *kǖlsüküŋ *kǖlsük *kǖlsükümüz *kǖlsüküŋüz *kǖlsük
conditional *kǖlsem, kǖlser ben *kǖlseŋ, kǖlser sen *kǖlse, kǖlser *kǖlsek, kǖlsemiz, kǖlser biz *kǖlseŋiz, kǖlser siz *kǖlseler, kǖlser
optative *kǖlgey ben *kǖlgey sen *kǖlgey *kǖlgey biz *kǖlgey siz *kǖlgey
progressive *kǖlmekde ben *kǖlmekde sen *kǖlmekde *kǖlmekde biz *kǖlmekde siz *kǖlmekde
necessitative *kǖlmelig ben *kǖlmelig sen *kǖlmelig *kǖlmelig biz *kǖlmelig siz *kǖlmelig
imperative *kǖleyin *kǖl, kǖlgil *kǖlzün *kǖlelim *kǖlüŋ *kǖlzün
Negative
infinitive *kǖlmemek
participle present *kǖlmegen, kǖlmegme, kǖlmez
past *kǖlmedük, kǖlmemiš
future *kǖlmeči, kǖlmesik, kǖlmeyeček
verbal noun *kǖlmeme, kǖlmeg, kǖlmegü
way of doing *kǖlmeyüš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *kǖlmez ben *kǖlmez sen *kǖlmez *kǖlmez biz *kǖlmez siz *kǖlmez
past simple *kǖlmedüm *kǖlmedüŋ *kǖlmedi *kǖlmedük, kǖlmedümüz *kǖlmedüŋüz *kǖlmedi
inferential *kǖlmemiš ben *kǖlmemiš sen *kǖlmemiš *kǖlmemiš biz *kǖlmemiš siz *kǖlmemiš
future simple *kǖlmeči ben, kǖlmeyeček ben *kǖlmeči sen, kǖlmeyeček sen *kǖlmeči, kǖlmeyeček *kǖlmeči biz, kǖlmeyeček biz *kǖlmeči siz, kǖlmeyeček siz *kǖlmeči, kǖlmeyeček
predictive *kǖlmegey ben *kǖlmegey sen *kǖlmegey *kǖlmegey biz *kǖlmegey siz *kǖlmegey
necessitive *kǖlmesüküm *kǖlmesüküŋ *kǖlmesük *kǖlmesükümüz *kǖlmesüküŋüz *kǖlmesük
conditional *kǖlmesem, kǖlmeser ben *kǖlmeseŋ, kǖlmeser sen *kǖlmese, kǖlmeser *kǖlmesek, kǖlmesemiz, kǖlmeser biz *kǖlmeseŋiz, kǖlmeser siz *kǖlmeseler, kǖlmeser
optative *kǖlmegey ben *kǖlmegey sen *kǖlmegey *kǖlmegey biz *kǖlmegey siz *kǖlmegey
progressive *kǖlmemekde ben *kǖlmemekde sen *kǖlmemekde *kǖlmemekde biz *kǖlmemekde siz *kǖlmemekde
necessitative *kǖlmemelig ben *kǖlmemelig sen *kǖlmemelig *kǖlmemelig biz *kǖlmemelig siz *kǖlmemelig
imperative *kǖlmeyeyin *kǖlme, kǖlmegil *kǖlmezün *kǖlmeyelim *kǖlmeyiŋ *kǖlmezün

Descendants

  • Proto-Common Turkic: *kǖl-

References

  1. ^ Köksal, M. F. (2009). Edirneli Nazmî ve çağdaşlarının eserlerinden- Türkiye Türkçesinin tarihsel sözlüğü’ne katkılar. Turkish Studies, 4(5), pp. 249-261.
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 2, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 158,195
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gǖl-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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