Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tam-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tam- (Common Turkic)

(transitive) to burn, to kindle, to ignite

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tam- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive

infinitive			*tammak
participle	present		*tamgan, tamïgma, tamur
	past		*tamduk, tammïš
	future		*tamdačï, tammakčï, tamsïk, tamačak
verbal noun			*tamma, tamïg, tamgu
way of doing			*tamïš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*tamur ben	*tamur sen	*tamur	*tamur biz	*tamur siz	*tamur
	past	simple	*tamdïm	*tamdïŋ	*tamdï	*tamdïk, tamdïmïz	*tamdïŋïz	*tamdï
	past	inferential	*tammïš ben	*tammïš sen	*tammïš	*tammïš biz	*tammïš siz	*tammïš
	future	simple	*tamdačï ben, tammakčï ben, tamačak ben	*tamdačï sen, tammakčï sen, tamačak sen	*tamdačï, tammakčï, tamačak	*tamdačï biz, tammakčï biz, tamačak biz	*tamdačï siz, tammakčï siz, tamačak siz	*tamdačï, tammakčï, tamačak
		predictive	*tamgay ben	*tamgay sen	*tamgay	*tamgay biz	*tamgay siz	*tamgay
		necessitive	*tamsïkïm	*tamsïkïŋ	*tamsïk	*tamsïkïmïz	*tamsïkïŋïz	*tamsïk
conditional			*tamsam, tamsar ben	*tamsaŋ, tamsar sen	*tamsa, tamsar	*tamsak, tamsamïz, tamsar biz	*tamsaŋïz, tamsar siz	*tamsalar, tamsar
optative			*tamgay ben	*tamgay sen	*tamgay	*tamgay biz	*tamgay siz	*tamgay
progressive			*tammakda ben	*tammakda sen	*tammakda	*tammakda biz	*tammakda siz	*tammakda
necessitative			*tammalïg ben	*tammalïg sen	*tammalïg	*tammalïg biz	*tammalïg siz	*tammalïg
imperative			*tamayïn	*tam, tamgïl	*tamzun	*tamalïm	*tamïŋ	*tamzun

Negative

infinitive			*tammamak
participle	present		*tammagan, tammagma, tammaz
	past		*tammaduk, tammamïš
	future		*tammačï, tammasïk, tammayačak
verbal noun			*tammama, tammag, tammagu
way of doing			*tammayïš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*tammaz ben	*tammaz sen	*tammaz	*tammaz biz	*tammaz siz	*tammaz
	past	simple	*tammadïm	*tammadïŋ	*tammadï	*tammadïk, tammadïmïz	*tammadïŋïz	*tammadï
	past	inferential	*tammamïš ben	*tammamïš sen	*tammamïš	*tammamïš biz	*tammamïš siz	*tammamïš
	future	simple	*tammačï ben, tammayačak ben	*tammačï sen, tammayačak sen	*tammačï, tammayačak	*tammačï biz, tammayačak biz	*tammačï siz, tammayačak siz	*tammačï, tammayačak
		predictive	*tammagay ben	*tammagay sen	*tammagay	*tammagay biz	*tammagay siz	*tammagay
		necessitive	*tammasïkïm	*tammasïkïŋ	*tammasïk	*tammasïkïmïz	*tammasïkïŋïz	*tammasïk
conditional			*tammasam, tammasar ben	*tammasaŋ, tammasar sen	*tammasa, tammasar	*tammasak, tammasamïz, tammasar biz	*tammasaŋïz, tammasar siz	*tammasalar, tammasar
optative			*tammagay ben	*tammagay sen	*tammagay	*tammagay biz	*tammagay siz	*tammagay
progressive			*tammamakda ben	*tammamakda sen	*tammamakda	*tammamakda biz	*tammamakda siz	*tammamakda
necessitative			*tammamalïg ben	*tammamalïg sen	*tammamalïg	*tammamalïg biz	*tammamalïg siz	*tammamalïg
imperative			*tammayayïn	*tamma, tammagïl	*tammazun	*tammayalïm	*tammayïŋ	*tammazun

Derived terms

*tamga (perhaps)

Descendants

Karluk
- Karakhanid: تَمْتُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)/تَمْدُرْماقْ (tamdur-, tamtur-)
  - Uyghur: (tamet-)
Kipchak
- Caspian
  - Kazakh: тамызу (tamyzu)
  - Nogai: тамызув (tamızuv)
  - Karakalpak: тамызыў
- South Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: там- (tam-), тамызуу (tamızuu)
- North Kipchak (also: to drip)
  - Bashkir: тамыҙыу (tamıźıw)
  - Tatar: тамызу (tamızu)
Siberian
- Old Turkic: (tamdur), (tam-)
- Yakut: тымыт (tımıt), тымтык (tımtık)

References

Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 459b
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Tạm”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill