Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/ńäle-

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Older references reconstruct *ńeele-, mainly based on Finnic.

*ńäle-

1. to swallow

• *ńälmä

• *ńale-

• Samoyedic:
  • Nganasan: нелтәмирся (njeltəmirsja)
  • Nenets:
    • Forest Nenets: няньԓьчемпёш (ńānsaś)
    • Tundra Nenets: ня̆лӑмзь (nyălămzʹ°)
• Ugric:
  • Hungarian: nyel
  • Khanty:
    • Eastern Khanty: нел (njel)
    • Northern Khanty: нел (njel)
    • Southern Khanty: (ńet-)
  • Mansi:
    • Eastern Mansi: (ńöält-)
    • Southern Mansi: (ńält-)
• Proto-Permic: *ńu̇lni (see there for further descendants)
• Mari:
  • Eastern Mari: нелаш (ńelaš)
  • Western Mari: нелӓш (ńeläš)
• Proto-Mordvinic: *ńiľəms
  • Erzya: нилемс (ńiľems)
  • Moksha: нилемс (ńiľems)
• Proto-Samic: *ńielëtēk; (*ńäl-kä >) *ńālkē (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Finnic: *neeldäk; (*ńäl-kä >) *nälkä (see there for further descendants)

• Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio). 2012. "On Finnic long vowels, Samoyed vowel sequences, and Proto-Uralic *x". In: Hyytiäinen, Tiina; Jalava, Lotta; Saarikivi, Janne; Sandman, Erika (eds.), Per Urales ad Orientem. Iter polyphonicum multilinguae. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 264, pp. 227–250.

• Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
• Sammallahti, Pekka (1988) “Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages”, in Denis, Sinor, editor, The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-554

• Entry #619 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.