Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/käle

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Reconstructed as *keele in the UEW, mainly on the basis of Finnic. Sammallahti (1988) reconstructs *käxle; according to Aikio (2012), it is not necessary to posit a separate element *x, and vowel length in Finnic can be considered the result of secondary lengthening.

*käle

1. tongue
2. language

• *ńälmä

• Proto-Samoyedic: *käəj (see there for further descendants)
• Ugric:
  • Khanty:
    • Eastern Khanty: кӧԓ (köł) (Surgut), кӧл (köl) (Vakh), кёл (kjol) (Vasyugan)
    • Northern Khanty: кэԓ (keł) (Kazym)
• Proto-Permic: *ku̇l (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Mordvinic: *keľ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Samic: *kielë (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Finnic: *keeli (see there for further descendants)

• Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio). 2012. "On Finnic long vowels, Samoyed vowel sequences, and Proto-Uralic *x". In: Hyytiäinen, Tiina; Jalava, Lotta; Saarikivi, Janne; Sandman, Erika (eds.), Per Urales ad Orientem. Iter polyphonicum multilinguae. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 264, pp. 227–250.

• Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
• Sammallahti, Pekka (1988) “Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages”, in Denis, Sinor, editor, The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-554

• Entry #280 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.