Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þrukkijan

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną.

Verb

*þrukkijan[1]

  1. to press

Reconstruction notes

This verb is sometimes reconstructed with a short stem, and the gemination is assumed to be the result of the West Germanic gemination (i.e. *þrukkjan). However, it is noted that in both Old English[2] and Old Saxon,[3] the verb has a heavy stem rather than a light one.

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *þrukkijan
1st sg. past *þrukkidā
Infinitive *þrukkijan
Genitive infin. *þrukkijannjas
Dative infin. *þrukkijannjē
Instrum. infin. *þrukkijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *þrukkiju *þrukkidā
2nd singular *þrukkisi *þrukkidēs, *þrukkidōs
3rd singular *þrukkiþi *þrukkidē, *þrukkidā
1st plural *þrukkijum *þrukkidum
2nd plural *þrukkiþ *þrukkidud
3rd plural *þrukkijanþ *þrukkidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *þrukkijē *þrukkidī
2nd singular *þrukkijēs *þrukkidī
3rd singular *þrukkijē *þrukkidī
1st plural *þrukkijēm *þrukkidīm
2nd plural *þrukkijēþ *þrukkidīd
3rd plural *þrukkijēn *þrukkidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *þrukki
Plural *þrukkiþ
Present Past
Participle *þrukkijandī *þrukkid

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 209:PWGmc *þrukkijan
  2. ^ Campbell, Alistair (1959) Old English grammar, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 321:Here ċċ is not due to West Gmc. gemination, and appears in all parts if a vowel follows, 3rd sg. pres. ind. þryċċeþ, pass. part. þryċċed.
  3. ^ Holthausen, Ferdinand (1921) Altsächsisches Elementarbuch, Heidelberg, page 161:Bei diesen bleibt im Präsensstamme der Endkonsonant unverändert [...] *thrukkian ‘drücken’ (Prt. thucdad = thructa? Wer. Gl.)