Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þunr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þunraz.

Noun

*þunr m^[1]

thunder

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*þunr
Genitive	*þunras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*þunr	þunrō, þunrōs
Accusative	*þunr	*þunrā
Genitive	*þunras	*þunrō
Dative	*þunrē	*þunrum
Instrumental	*þunru	*þunrum

Descendants

Old English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor
- Middle English: thonder
  - English: thunder
  - Scots: thuner, thunder, thundir
  - Yola: dhunder, dunder
Old Frisian: thuner, thonger
- West Frisian: tonger
Old Saxon: thunar, thuner
- Middle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner
  - Low German:
    - German Low German:
      Hamburgisch: Dunner
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner
      
      Sauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener
      
      Westmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner
  - Plautdietsch: Donna
Old Dutch: *thonar
- Middle Dutch: donre
  - Dutch: donder
    - Afrikaans: donder
    - Negerhollands: donner, dondu
      - → Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)
    - → Papiamentu: dònder, donder
    - → Sranan Tongo: dondru
      - Aukan: dondoo, donduu
  - Limburgish: dónder, dónjer
  - West Flemish: dunder
Old High German: donar, thonar
- Middle High German: toner, doner
  - Central Franconian:
    Hunsrik: Dunner
    Luxembourgish: Donner
  - German: Donner
  - Rhine Franconian: Dunner
    Frankfurterisch: IPA , (possible pre-1825 pronunciation)
  - Vilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)
  - Yiddish: דונער (duner)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 328: “PWGmc *þunr”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 328: “PWGmc *þunr”

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