Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bifallan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *fallan.

Verb

*bifallan^[1]

to fall to, befall

Inflection

Strong class 7c
Infinitive	*bifallan
1st sg. past	*bifeall
3rd pl. past	*bifeallun
Past ptcple	*bifallan
Infinitive	*bifallan
Genitive infin.	*bifallannjas
Dative infin.	*bifallannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bifallannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*bifallu	*bifeall
2nd singular	*bifalliʀi	*bifeallī
3rd singular	*bifallidi	*bifeall
1st plural	*bifallum	*bifeallum
2nd plural	*bifallid	*bifeallud
3rd plural	*bifalland	*bifeallun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bifallē	*bifeallī
2nd singular	*bifallēs	*bifeallī
3rd singular	*bifallē	*bifeallī
1st plural	*bifallēm	*bifeallīm
2nd plural	*bifallēþ	*bifeallīd
3rd plural	*bifallēn	*bifeallīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bifall
Plural	*bifallid
	Present	Past
Participle	*bifallandī	*bifallan

Descendants

Old English: befeallan
- Middle English: bifallen, bivallen, bifeallen
  - English: befall
  - Scots: befaw
Old Frisian: bifalla
- Saterland Frisian: bifale
- West Frisian: befalle
Old Saxon: bifallan
- Middle Low German: bevallen
  - German Low German: befallen
Old Dutch: *bifallan
- Middle Dutch: bevallen
  - Dutch: bevallen
    - Afrikaans: beval
Old High German: bifallan
- Middle High German: bevallen
  - German: befallen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 244: “PWGmc *bifallidi ‘(s)he falls’”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 244: “PWGmc *bifallidi ‘(s)he falls’”

[1]