Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dungijan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *dungu (“manure”) + *-jan.[1]
Verb
*dungijan
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *dungijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *dungidā | |
| Infinitive | *dungijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *dungijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *dungijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *dungijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dungiju | *dungidā |
| 2nd singular | *dungisi | *dungidēs, *dungidōs |
| 3rd singular | *dungiþi | *dungidē, *dungidā |
| 1st plural | *dungijum | *dungidum |
| 2nd plural | *dungiþ | *dungidud |
| 3rd plural | *dungijanþ | *dungidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *dungijē | *dungidī |
| 2nd singular | *dungijēs | *dungidī |
| 3rd singular | *dungijē | *dungidī |
| 1st plural | *dungijēm | *dungidīm |
| 2nd plural | *dungijēþ | *dungidīd |
| 3rd plural | *dungijēn | *dungidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *dungi | |
| Plural | *dungiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *dungijandī | *dungid |
Related terms
Derived terms
- *bidungijan
Descendants
- Old English: dynġan
- ⇒? Old English: ġedynġan (attestions are past participles/adjectives and may thus be merely forms of Old English dynġan)
- Old Frisian: denga
- Old Saxon: *dungian
- Old High German: tungen
References
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*dunga-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109: “*dungjan-”