Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kerban

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kerbaną.

Verb

*kerban^[1]

to carve, to cut

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*kerban
1st sg. past	*karb
3rd pl. past	*kurbun
Past ptcple	*korban
Infinitive	*kerban
Genitive infin.	*kerbannjas
Dative infin.	*kerbannjē
Instrum. infin.	*kerbannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kerbu	*karb
2nd singular	*kirbiʀi	*kurbī
3rd singular	*kirbidi	*karb
1st plural	*kerbum	*kurbum
2nd plural	*kirbid	*kurbud
3rd plural	*kerband	*kurbun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kerbē	*kurbī
2nd singular	*kerbēs	*kurbī
3rd singular	*kerbē	*kurbī
1st plural	*kerbēm	*kurbīm
2nd plural	*kerbēþ	*kurbīd
3rd plural	*kerbēn	*kurbīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kirb
Plural	*kirbid
	Present	Past
Participle	*kerbandī	*korban

Descendants

Old English: ceorfan
- Middle English: cherven
- Middle English: kerven, carve, carven, cerven, karven, kerve, kirven, kyrvyn, ceorfan, ceorfæn, keorven (Early Middle English)
  - English: carve
  - Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf
Old Frisian: kerva
- North Frisian: karve
- Saterland Frisian: käärwje
- West Frisian: kerve
Old Saxon: kervan
- Middle Low German: kerven, karven
  - Low German: karven
  - → Danish: karve
  - → Swedish: karva
  - → Norwegian: karve
Old Dutch: *kervan
- Middle Dutch: kerven
  - Dutch: kerven
Old High German: kerban
- Middle High German: kërben
  - Alemannic German: chërbe, kërbe
  - German: kerben
  - East Franconian: kerwe
  - Vilamovian: karwa
  - Yiddish: קאַרבן (karbn)
  - → Polish: karbować

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 205: “PWGmc *kerban”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 205: “PWGmc *kerban”

[1]