Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krūd

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Unknown; possibly:

• from *krūdan (“to press, push, crowd”), with the original meaning “crowding plant, weed”, compare Dutch krodde (“several small weeds”), perhaps from the related iterative *krūttōną (“to pack”),^[1]
• cognate with Ancient Greek βρῠ́ον (brúon, “tree-moss, etc.”), from βρύω (brúō, “to swell”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéru (“skewer; spear”),^[2][3][4]
• or borrowed from a substrate language.^[5][3]

*krūd n

1. herb, plant

• Old Frisian: krūd
  • Saterland Frisian: Kruud
  • West Frisian: bussekruud (second element)
• Old Saxon: krūd
  • Middle Low German: krût, krûde
    • German Low German: Kruut
    • Plautdietsch: Krut
    • → Old Norse: krydd^[6][7]
      • Icelandic: krydd
      • Faroese: krydd
      • Norwegian: krydder
      • Old Swedish: krydda f, krydde, kryde n
        • Swedish: krydda
        • → Finnish: ryyti
      • Danish: krydderi
    • → Danish: krudt (“gunpowder”)
      • → Faroese: krút
    • → Finnish: ruuti
• Old Dutch: krūt
  • Middle Dutch: cruut, cruud (both variants used interchangeably)
    • Dutch: kruid, kruit (variants developed different meanings)
      • Afrikaans: kruid
    • Limburgish: kroed
• Old High German: krūt, chrūt
  • Middle High German: krūt
    • Alemannic German: Chruut, Chrut, Chruud, Krut (Alsatian), chrud, chrüt (Walser)

      Alsatian: Krut

      Walser: chrit (Valais), chrud, chrüt

      • → French: choucroute (second element)
    • Central Franconian: Krock, Krout

      Kölsch: Kruck

    • German: Kraut
      • → English: sauerkraut (second element)
    • Luxembourgish: Kraut
    • Yiddish: קרויט (kroyt)