Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sap

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *sap- (“to taste, perceive; juice”); see also Old Norse safi (“sap, juice”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)).

*sap n

1. juice
2. sap

• Old English: sæp
  • Middle English: sap
    • English: sap
    • Scots: sap, sop
• Old Frisian: *sep, *sap
  • Saterland Frisian: Sap
  • West Frisian: sappe, sop
• Old Saxon: sap
  • Middle Low German: sap
    • German Low German: Sapp
    • Low German: Sap
• Old Dutch: *sap
  • Middle Dutch: sap
    • Dutch: sap
• Old High German: saf
  • Middle High German: saf, saft
    • Bavarian: Såft
    • German: Saft
      • → Danish: saft
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: saft
      • → Swedish: saft
    • Luxembourgish: Saaft
    • Yiddish: זאַפֿט (zaft)
    • → Middle Low German: saft
      • German Low German: Saft

• Smith, Arden Ray (1997): Germanic Linguistic Influence on the Invented Languages of J.R.R. Tolkien