Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twīflōn
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *twīfl (“doubt”) + *-ōn.
Verb
*twīflōn
- to doubt
Inflection
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *twīflōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *twīflōdā | |
| Infinitive | *twīflōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *twīflōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *twīflōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *twīflōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *twīflō | *twīflōdā |
| 2nd singular | *twīflōs | *twīflōdēs, *twīflōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *twīflōþ | *twīflōdē, *twīflōdā |
| 1st plural | *twīflōm | *twīflōdum |
| 2nd plural | *twīflōþ | *twīflōdud |
| 3rd plural | *twīflōnþ | *twīflōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *twīflō | *twīflōdī |
| 2nd singular | *twīflōs | *twīflōdī |
| 3rd singular | *twīflō | *twīflōdī |
| 1st plural | *twīflōm | *twīflōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *twīflōþ | *twīflōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *twīflōn | *twīflōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *twīflō | |
| Plural | *twīflōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *twīflōndī | *twīflōd |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old Frisian: *twīflia
- West Frisian: twivelje
- Old Saxon: twīflōn
- Middle Low German: twivelen (merged with descendant of *twīflijan)
- Low German: twiefeln
- Middle Low German: twivelen (merged with descendant of *twīflijan)
- Old High German: zwīfalōn, zwīvalōn
- Middle High German: zwīveln (merged with descendant of *twīflijan)
- German: zweifeln
- Middle High German: zwīveln (merged with descendant of *twīflijan)
Further reading
- Vladimir Orel (2003) “*twīflōnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 414