Roma

From Romani roma, plural of rom (“man, husband, Romani man”). The latter probably comes from Sanskrit डोम्ब (ḍomba, “lower-caste person working as a wandering musician”), which may have been borrowed from a Dravidian language.^[1] Folk etymology pointed to a legend that the ethnic group were an exiled people from Imperial times.

The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.

• Rroma

Roma

1. A nomadic people with origins in India, the Romani.
2. A subgroup of the Romani people found primarily in Eastern Europe.
3. A variety of the Romani language (or occasionally) the Romani macrolanguage.

• For translations which are exonyms (not cognates of the Romani term for themselves), see Gypsy.

Roma (plural Romas)

1. A Rom; a member of the Romani people.

Roma (not comparable)

1. Romani: of or pertaining to the Romani people.

• Rom
• Wikipedia article on the Roma subgroup

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome and Rum.

Roma

1. Any of a number of places, including a city in Texas and a city in Queensland.
2. A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.
4. Alternative form of Rome
   • 1896, W[alter] D[elaplaine] Scull, “Mrs. Platt”, in The Garden of the Matchboxes and Other Stories, London: Elkin Mathews, page 94:

     But it would have been so nice to have a private income, and to be able sometimes to go to Venezia, Firenze, Roma, those places with the beautiful names.

   • 1987 October, Chelsea Quinn Yarbro, chapter 1, in A Flame in Byzantium, New York, N.Y.: Tor, →ISBN, part I (Belisarius), page 4:

     At Neapolis there was chaos as those who could flee Roma came to this port seeking escape.

Roma (plural Romas)

1. A variety of tomato.

Compare Indonesian Bahasa Romang (“Roma language”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Roma

1. An Austronesian language of Indonesia.

• Ethnologue entry for Roma, rmm ⁠
• Romang language on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Bahasa Romang on the Indonesian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^id

• moar, roam, Maor, Mora, Oram, Omar, Amor, armo, amor, Ramo, mora, Armo

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^ca

Inherited from Latin Rōma.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencia)

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

• romà
• romanç
• romànic
• romanitzar

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Franco-Provençal Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^frp

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

• romano

• IPA^(key): /ˈroːma/

• Audio:

  (file)

Roma m pl

1. plural of Rom
   • 2016 April 11, Caroline Kraft, quoting Gilda-Nancy Horvat, “Beleidigt, bespuckt”, in Zeit Online‎:

     "Viele Roma positionieren sich zu Antiziganismus gar nicht, weil sie Angst haben. Sie outen sich nicht, egal, ob sie Manager, Anwälte oder Politiker sind. Der Gedanke, stolz darauf sein zu können, dass man Roma ist, erscheint immer noch absurd", meint Gilda-Nancy Horvath, selbst Romni und ORF-Journalistin.

     “Many a Rom does not take position in respect to antiziganism, by reason of fear. They don’t come out, no matter, whether they are managers, advocates or politicians. The thought of being proud about being a Rom, still appears absurd.”, opines Gilda-Nancy Horvath, herself Romni and ORF journalist.

Roma

1. Romans (book of the Bible)

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^id

From Italian Roma, from Latin Rōma.

• IPA^(key): /ˈroma/
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

Roma

1. Rome:
   1. the capital city of Italy.
   2. a former province of Lazio, Italy.

• Rom (Standard Malay)

• “Roma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^it

Inherited from Latin Rōma.

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oma
• Hyphenation: Ró‧ma

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. Rome (a former province of Lazio, Italy)
3. the letter R in the Italian spelling alphabet

• romanesco
• Romania
• romanismo
• romanista
• romanità
• romanizzare
• romano

• → Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
• → Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
• → Korean: 로마 (roma)

• amor, armo, armò, maro, marò, mora, orma, ramo, ramò

Latin Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^la

• R (numismatic abbreviation)

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Rome § Etymology

Wikipedia

Uncertain.

• Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.
• The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.
• The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈroː.ma/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/,

Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension

1. Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)

   Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.

   That Rome might overcome all countries.

   Venit Roma.

   He came from Rome.

2. The Roman Empire per se (as a synecdoche).
3. (Late Latin) Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as "Nova Roma").
4. (Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general.

First-declension noun, with locative, singular only.

• rōmānicus
• rōmānus

• Rōmilius
• Rōmulus

• Italian: Roma
  • → Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
  • → Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
  • → Korean: 로마 (roma)
• Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)
  • French: Rome
    • → Guianese Creole: Ròm
    • → Haitian Creole: Wòm
    • → Persian: رم (rom)
    • → Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
  • Norman: Rome
  • Picard: Rome
  • Walloon: Rome
• Old Occitan:
  • Occitan: Roma
  • Catalan: Roma
• West Iberian
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma
    • Galician: Roma
    • Portuguese: Roma
  • Old Spanish: Roma
    • Spanish: Roma
• Sicilian: Ruma, Roma

Borrowings

• → Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)
  • Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)
  • → Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)
  • → Aramaic: רומא
    • Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)
  • → Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)
    • Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)
  • → Egyptian: (hrm)
  • → Parthian: (/⁠Frōm⁠/)

    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)

    Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)

    • → Sogdian: ("Rome, Byzantium")

      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /⁠Frūm, Frōm⁠/)

      Sogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /⁠Frūm⁠/)

      • → Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /⁠purum⁠/) ("Byzantium, Greek")
    • → Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)
  • → Middle Persian: (/⁠Hrōm⁠/, “Rome; Byzantine”)

    Book Pahlavi script: (hlwm)

    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)

    Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)

    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)

    • Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)

• → Arabic: روما (rūmā)
• → Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)
  • → Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)
• → Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ
  • Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      • Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)
      • Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)
        • Bulgarian: Рим (Rim)
        • Macedonian: Рим (Rim)
        • → Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
          • Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
            • Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
            • Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
            • Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)
          • Russian: Рим (Rim)
        • → Romanian: Râm (obsolete)
  • Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      • Cyrillic script: Ри̑м
      • Latin script: Rȋm
    • Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)
    • → Old Czech: Řím
      • Czech: Řím
      • → Kashubian: Rzim
      • → Old Polish: Rzym
        • Polish: Rzym
      • → Silesian: Rzim
      • → Slovak: Rím
• → Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא
  • Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)
• → Middle Persian: (/⁠Hrōmāyīg⁠/, “Roman, Greek”)
• → Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)
• → Romanian: Roma

• “Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

• amor, armō, mora

Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^lv

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Lithuanian Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^lt

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Roma

1. Rome

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^no

• Rom

From Italian and Latin Roma.

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

From Italian and Latin Roma.

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

• roman

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/

Roma

1. Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of the Papal States, in modern-day Italy)
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de Toledo, cantiga 5 (facsimile):

     Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.

     This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.

• romão

• Galician: Roma
• Portuguese: Roma

From Latin Rōma. Compare Old Galician-Portuguese Roma.

• IPA^(key): /ˈroma/

Roma f

1. Rome
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

     Sant peẏdro fo p̃dicar en roma. e por occaſiõ de ſimõ magus el encantador. nero el enꝑador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.

     Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

• romano

• Spanish: Roma

Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^pt

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Roma, from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

• Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient civilisation centred in Rome)

   Synonym: Roma Antiga

3. the Catholic Church (Christian church centred in the Vatican)

   Synonyms: Santa Sé, Vaticano, Igreja Católica

• romano
• Romão
• romã

• amor

• Róma (Ravenna)

Roma f (Faenza)

1. Rome

Borrowed from Latin Rōma.

• Audio:

  (file)

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

• roman

Sardinian Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^sc

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^es

Inherited from Old Spanish Roma, from Latin Rōma.

• IPA^(key): /ˈroma/
• Rhymes: -oma
• Syllabification: Ro‧ma

Roma f

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
   • 1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 190:

     Los antiguos alcanzaban mayor longevidad, porque eran bautizados con óleos venidos directamente de Roma, que, por cierto, debían tener más virtud y eficacia que los nuestros.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• “Roma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

• amor, mora, ramo, roma

Swahili Wikipedia has an article on:

Roma

Wikipedia ^sw

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)

From Ottoman Turkish روما (Roma), from Italian and Latin Roma. Doublet of Rum.

Roma

1. Rome (the capital city of Italy)
2. the Roman Empire

• Roma İmparatorluğu

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “روما”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 632