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Wang Kuo-wei 王國維, however, has convincingly demonstrated that Shang was located in eastern Honan, near the present city Shang-chʹiu商丘.¹¹ Wangʹs view is widely accepted by modern historians.¹²
In the winter of 633 BC Chʻu had besieged Shang-chʻiu, the capital of Sung, then an ally of Chin, and in the following spring Duke Wen led a large force to drive off the attackers.