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From Old NorseÞróndheimr(“Trondheim, Trøndelag”), first part from þrǿndir, þrǿndr(“a person from Trøndelag”) (from the present participle of þróask(“to grow”), from the reflexive form of Proto-Germanic*þrōwōną, thus farmers) + last part from Old Norseheimr(“realm, world, village, home”). Replaced the Danicised name Trondhjem in 1930.
The city was often referred to as kaupangr(“city”) in Old Norse, or more specifically, kaupangríÞróndheimi(“the city in the district Trøndelag”), which was simplified to just Þróndheimi(“Trondheim, Trøndelag”) during the Middle Ages.
The city’s Old Norse name was Niðaróss(“the mouth of the Nid river”), but was commonly referred to as kaupangríÞróndheimi(“the city in Trøndelag”). It was later simplified to use only the name of the region, whence also the Danish name Trondhjem. The same tendency is found in modern time when the city is referred to as Staden(“the stead, the city”) or Byen(“the city”) instead of its official name, and genuine dialect forms are found only outside of Trøndelag.[2]
Fraa denne Foldalen var altso ho Malene, som var fem og sytti Aar og piltade so lett som ei Rjupe tri Mil fram til Hjerkinn for at sjaa Kongen paa Nordferdi si til Throndheim, endaa mange Skytsfolk til Kongen, som vaaro i Fylgjet med sine lause Hestar, sagde, at ho gjekk for at sjaa seg ut ein Kjæraste paa Hjerkinn og Kongsvoll bland dei Mange, som komo dit fraa lang Leid for at sjaa Kongen.
From this Foldal was Malene, who was seventy five years old and scurried as light as a grouse 34 km to Hjerkinn to see the king on his journey north to Throwendham , even though many of the king’s horsemen, who were in his entourage with their loose horses, said that she went to find herself a spouse on Hjerkinn and Kongsvoll from the many who came from far away to see the king.
Usage notes
As the name of a region, the name is usually referred to in definite form to distinguish it from the city. This is a practice that arose after the city got the name Trondheim.