User:Benwing2/uk-nouns-m

Ukrainian declensions:

• Vocative singular: Never on the ending, if it would be it moves one syllable to the left (?)

  No, not always. робітни́к-> voc, sg робі́тнику́ or робітни́че Sound changes happen, хлопче, монаше, боже. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 06:19, 15 May 2020 (UTC)

• Locative singular: Sometimes moves to the ending (?)

  Yes, it can - робітнико́ві, робітнику́. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 06:19, 15 May 2020 (UTC)

• і in last syllable stem with no following vowel -> о with a following vowel. Not predictable, cf. обі́д "dinner, lunch" (Proto-Slavic *obědъ) -> gen обі́ду, but о́бід "rim" (Proto-Slavic *obodъ) -> gen о́бода.

  Cf. бік "side" -> gen бо́ку, but біс "demon" -> gen бі́са.

  Common in -ність -> gen sg. -ності (yes, very common, AT)

  Not normal in -і́ст

  There is no consistency. It seems the modules will need two different stems provided. I don't think you can rely on "і" consistently changing to "о". Many words have permanently absorbed "і" as the stem. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 04:32, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

• Irregular: ко́лір "color" -> gen sg. ко́льору (is this predictable with л?)

  Probably not so predictable. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 04:32, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

• Irregular: ко́рінь "root" -> gen sg. ко́реня (is this predictable with final -ь?)

  Probably yes, also ка́мінь -> ка́меню, ремінь -> ре́меня --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 04:32, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

• Irregular: вісь "axis/axle" -> gen sg. о́сі
• Irregular: ма́ти "mother" -> gen sg. ма́тері, acc sg. ма́тір
• Irregular: пе́рстень "ring" -> gen sg. пе́рсня
• Irregular: ти́ждень "ring" -> gen sg. ти́жня
• Irregular: черне́ць "monk" -> gen sg. ченця́

• о in last syllable stem -> і in genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns (нога́ -> ніг); is this predictable?

  Apparently not, бджола́ -> бджіл but вода́ -> вод (both accent pattern d).

  Yes, this is very predictable but it won't with loanwords, such as коро́на -> коро́н --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 04:32, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

  @Benwing2: The loanword/native rule is not reliable either. Cf. гроза́->гроз but шко́ла->шкіл. It seems гроза́ is an exception and шко́ла is fully adopted and behaves like a native word.--Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 23:57, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

• e in last syllable stem -> і in (some?) genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns (бере́за -> бері́з, се́ло -> сіл); is this predictable?

  It is frequent but unpredictable, cf середа́ -> се́ред, loanwords are unaffected: касе́та -> касе́т --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 04:32, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

• вівця́ "sheep" -> gen pl. ове́ць
• се́рце "heart" -> gen pl. серде́ць, серць

• вісь "axle" -> ins sg. ві́ссю
• сіль "salt" -> ins sg. сі́ллю
• мить "sudden moment" -> ins sg. ми́ттю
• річ "thing" -> ins sg. рі́ччю

• гра "game" pl. і́гри (gen pl. і́гор)
• скло "glass" pl. сте́кла (gen pl. сте́кол)
• о́зеро "lake" pl. озе́ра (gen pl. озе́р)
• де́рево "tree" pl. дере́ва (gen pl. дере́в)
• со́кіл "falcon" pl. соко́ли (gen pl. соко́лів)
• о́ко "eye" pl. о́чи (gen pl. оче́й)
• друг "friend" pl. дру́зі (gen pl. дру́зів); treated as soft in pl.

• Masculine nouns in д/т/с/з/н/л:
  • Example nouns:
    • ((ру́син<pr>,руси́н<b.pr>)) "Rusyn", ((христия́нин<pr.in>,християни́н<pr.in>)) "Christian" , ((алфа́віт<genu>,алфаві́т<genu>)) "alphabet"
    • біс<pr> "demon" (similarly абази́н<pr> "Abaza", журналі́ст<pr> "journalist", корабе́л<pr> "shipbuilder", президе́нт<pr> "president", сусі́д<pr> "neighbor", член<pr> "member" and many others), кия́нин<pr.in> "Kievan" (similarly росія́нин<pr.in> "Russian"), во́рон<anml> "raven" (similarly гад<anml> "reptile", драко́н<anml> "dragon" and many others), бана́н<> "banana" (similarly во́лос<> "a hair", дива́н<> "sofa", докуме́нт<> "document", пилосо́с<> "vacuum cleaner", etc.), бі́знес<genu> "business" (similarly батальйо́н<genu> "battalion", вид<genu> "kind, sort", ви́рус<genu> "virus", вокза́л<genu> "train station", град<genu> "hail", обі́д<genu> "dinner, lunch", рестора́н<genu> "restaurant", etc.), дев'яси́л<genu:a> "inula, elecampane", о́бід<io> "rim", вертолі́т<ijo> "helicoper" , брід<io.genu> "ford" (similarly ви́хід<io.genu> "exit", дзвін<io.genu> "bell", на́рід<io.genu> "people", підхі́д<io.genu> "approach", при́від<io.genu> "occasion", приві́д<io.genu> "bringing"), ву́гол<*> "angle", де́рен<*.genu> "sod" (similarly те́рен<*.genu> "sloe, blackthorn")
    • брат<b.pr> "brother", посо́л<*.pr> "ambassador", плазу́н<b.anml> "reptile, worm" (similarly бара́н "ram", кажа́н<b.anml> "bat", слон<b.anml> "elephant", кит<b.anml> "whale", etc.), оре́л<*.anml> "eagle", дрізд<b.anml.io> "thrush (bird)", каву́н<b> "watermelon" (similarly кут<b> "corner", лист<b> "leaf", хрест<b> "cross"), живі́т<b.io> "belly, stomach", бур'я́н<b.genu> "weed", коте́л<*> "cauldron" (similarly хребе́т<*> "spine")
    • чорт<c.pr> "devil" (similarly сват<c.pr> "go-between", чин<c.pr>), со́кіл<c.pr.io> "boy or man with celebrated beauty or courage", по́їзд<c> "train" (similarly го́род<c> "walled town, citadel", рот<c> "mouth", спис<c> "lance"), го́лос<c.genu> "voice" (similarly ліс<c.genu> "forest", світ<c.genu> "world", склад<c.genu> "syllable", час<c.genu> "time"), віз<c.io> "cart" (similarly ніс<c.io> "nose"), піт<c.io.genu> "sweat"
    • Singular only:
  • Exceptional nouns:
    • Personal nouns: син<c.pr.vocu.locovi:i:u> "son" and identically declined дід<c.pr.vocu.locovi:i:u> "grandfather"; пан<c.pr.locovi:u.vocply:ove> "lord, sir"
    • Animal nouns: віл<b.anml.io.loci> "ox, bullock", со́кіл<anml.io.plstem:соко́л.loci> "falcon", кіт<b.anml.io.locovi> "tomcat"
    • Inanimate singular/plural nouns with locative -у: аеропо́рт<c.genu.locú> "airport" (and авіапо́рт<c.genu.locú> "airport"), вид<genu.locú> "face, appearance", плід<b.io> "fetus", дріт<c.io.genu.locu:i> "wire", лід<c.ijo.genu.locú> "ice" (stem льод-), міст<b,c.io.génu.gená.lóci.locú> "bridge" , мед<c.genu.locú> "honey" (also сад<c.genu.locú> "garden"), рід<c.io.genu.locú:i> "gender; family; tribe", хвіст<b.io.locu:i> "tail", плід<c.io.gená:u.loci:u> "fruit", стіл<b.io.gena.génu.loci:u> "table".
    • Inanimate singular-only nouns with locative -і: за́хід<sg.io.loci> "west" (similarly схід<sg.io.loci> "east"), по́піл<sg.ie.loci> "ash"
    • Inanimate singular-only nouns with locative -у: пил<sg.locú> "dust"
    • Inanimate nouns with plural -а: вус<nompla:y> "moustache"
    • Inanimate nouns with special genitive plural: раз<c.genu.genpliv:-> "instance, occurrence"
    • Inanimate nouns with special genitive singular: суд<b.génu> "court (of law)"
    • ву́зол<b*> "knot" with unusual nom sg stress.
    • сон<*.genu.vocu> "sleep, dream", пес<*.anml> "dog" with nonsyllabic stem
  • Vocative singular:
    • Almost all inanimate singular/plural nouns (274 of 275) and all singular-only nouns (44) have vocative -е. Only exception: сон<*.genu.vocu> "sleep, dream". All have stem stress except сон, which necessarily has end stress as its stem is nonsyllabic.
    • All animal nouns (26) have vocative -е. All have stem stress except пес, with nonsyllabic stem.
    • Almost all personal nouns (65 of 67) have vocative -е. All of these have stem stress. Two exceptions have vocative in -у: син<c.pr.vocu.locovi:i:u> "son" (vocative си́ну), and дід<c.pr.vocu.locovi:i:u> "grandfather" declined identically.
  • Locative singular:
    • Most inanimate singular/plural nouns (261 of 275) have locative singular -і. In all these nouns, the stress follows the accent pattern. Six have locative singular -у, and eight more -у/-і (or -і/-у). In these, the locative singular in -у tends to be end-stressed (but not always), and tends to cooccur with genitive in -у.
    • Almost all singular-only nouns (40 of 44) have locative singular in -у or -і. All of them are inanimate and have genitive singular in -у. Of the remaining 4, 3 have locative singular only in -і and one only in -у.
    • Most personal nouns (64 of 67) have locative singular in -ові and -і. In all nouns, the stress follows the accent pattern. Exceptional nouns: син "son", дід "grandfather", пан "lord, sir".
    • Most animal nouns (23 of 26) have locative singular in -ові and -і. All have stem stress in accent a and c, ending stress in accent b. Exceptional nouns: віл<b.anml.io.loci> "ox, bullock", со́кіл<anml.io.plstem:соко́л.loci> "falcon", кіт<b.anml.io.locovi> "tomcat".

• Masculine nouns in р:
  • In general, there are three types: (1) hard endings, nom pl in -и; (2) semisoft endings, generally like hard endings except nom pl in -і, but note батя́р which also has soft -е́ві in dat/loc sg and soft -ем in ins sg; (3) soft endings. Among those ending in -р, there are 70 total hard nouns, 7 soft nouns and 3 semi-soft nouns.
  • Example nouns:
    • Example hard nouns: до́лар<> "dollar" (also абажу́р<> "lampshade", комп'ю́тер<> "computer", метр<> "meter", etc.), кур'є́р<pr> "courier" (also інве́стор<pr> "investor", лі́дер<pr> "leader", мер<pr> "mayor", пивова́р<pr> "brewer", etc.), собо́р<genu> "cathedral" (also семіна́р<genu> "seminar"), ви́бір<io.genu> "choice" (also про́стір<io.genu> "space", твір<io.genu> "work, composition"), све́кор<*.pr> "wife's father-in-law", цу́кор<*.genu> "sugar", щур<b.anml> "rat", вуго́р<*.anml> "eel", вуго́р<*> "pimple", чабе́р<*.gena:u> "savory", а́втор<c.pr> "author" (also дире́ктор<c.pr> "director, manager"), се́ктор<c> "sector" (also тра́ктор<c> "tractor"), ве́чір<c.io> "evening", сир<c.genu> "cheese", та́бір<c.io.genu> "camp" (also ко́лір<c.ijo.genu>, stem ко́льор-)
    • Example hard singular-only nouns : дур<sg> "foolishness" (also кефі́р<sg> "kefir", etc. with locative -у/-і), зір<sg.io.loci> "vision, sight" (also кір<sg.io.loci> "measles", спір<sg.io.loci> "speed, agility", словотві́р<sg.io.loci> "word formation"), папі́р<sg.ie.loci> "paper"
    • Example semi-soft (nom pl only) nouns: звір<anml.locovi:u:i.nompli> "beast", кома́р<b.anml.nompli> "mosquito"
    • Example semi-soft noun: батя́р<b.pr.semisoft> "ruffian" (only one)
    • Example soft nouns: бібліоте́кар<pr.soft> "librarian" (also ти́тар<pr.soft> "church warden"), цви́нтар<soft> "cemetery", цар<b.pr.soft> "king, emperor" (also ворота́р<b.pr.soft> "goalkeeper", пролета́р<b.pr.soft> "proletarian"), ліхта́р<b.soft> "lantern", лі́кар<c.pr.soft> "doctor"
  • Exceptional nouns:
    • четве́р<b.stem:четве́рг> "Thursday"; actually a velar-stem noun with normal velar-stem loc sg четвергу́ and voc sg also четвергу́.
    • ((до́говір<io.genu>,догові́р<c.io.genu>)) "treaty, contract"
    • двір<b.io.génu.gena.locu:i> "yard, court"
    • двір<b.io.génu> "(royal) court"
    • ві́тер<c*.genu.locu:i> "wind"
  • Vocative singular: All hard and semi-soft nouns have vocative singular in -е, always stem-stressed. All soft nouns have vocative singular in -ю, always stem-stressed: e.g. лихта́р<b.soft> "lantern" (voc sg. лихта́рю).
  • Locative singular: All hard personal and animal nouns have locative singular in -ові/-і. All soft personal nouns (no animal nouns observed) have locative singular in -еві/-ю/-і. Of the semi-soft nouns, two have locative singular in -ові/-і like hard nouns, and one (ба́тяр) has locative sinuglar in -еві/-і. All hard inanimate nouns have locative singular in -і (except two with locative singular in -у/-і; see above) and all soft inanimate nouns (only two observed) have locative singular in -ю/-і. Stress always agrees with the accent pattern.

• Masculine nouns in a velar:
  • Exceptions:
    • Vocative in -е: чолові́к<pr.voce> "man" (also мона́х<pr.voce> "monk", австрія́к<pr.voce> "Austrian man", ону́к<pr.voce> "grandson", поля́к<pr.voce> "Pole", слова́к<pr.voce> "Slovak"), чех<pr.locu.vocu:e> "male Czech person", будя́к<b.voce> "thistle", їжа́к<b.anml> "hedgehog" (also іша́к<b.anml> "donkey", борсу́к<b.anml> "badger", жук<b.anml> "beetle", лоша́к<b.anml> "hinny, young horse", паву́к<b.anml> "spider", пацю́к<b.anml> "rat", суда́к<b.anml> "zander", черв'я́к<b.anml> "worm"), коза́к<b.pr.voce> "Cossack" (also жук<b.pr.voce> "rogue, crook", кула́к<b.pr.voce> "kulak"), робітни́к<b.pr.vocu:e> "worker", вовк<c.anml.voce> "wolf" (also крук<c.anml.voce> "raven"), бог<c.pr.locovi:u:i.voce> "god"
    • Locative singular in -і: звук<loci> "sound (music, linguistics)" (also капелю́х<loci> "hat", стяг<loci> "flag; ribbon"), крок<genu.loci> "step" (also звук<genu.loci> "sound (auditory sensation)", о́бсяг<genu.loci> "volume, size", по́верх<genu.loci> "floor, story", рух<genu.loci> "movement, motion"), звук<sg.loci> "sound (uncountable)" (also о́дяг<sg.loci> "clothing"), ріг<io.loci> "horn (object)" (also порі́г<io.loci> "threshold"), ріг<io.genu.loci> "horn (material); outer corner", дух<sg.loci:ovi> "sprit", вік<sg.loci:ú> "age, lifetime", саундтре́к<genu.loci:u:ovi> "soundtrack", кожу́х<a,c.loci> "sheepskin coat; casing", рік<a,c.io.genu.loci> "year", ланцю́г<b.loci> "chain", кула́к<b.locu:i> "fist" (also язи́к<b.locu:i> "tongue"), пирі́г<b.io.locu:i> "pie", бе́рег<c.loci> "shore, coast", вік<c.genu.loci> "century", бік<c.io.genu.loci:ú> "side" (also стіг<c.io.genu.loci:ú> "haystack"), луг<c.genu.loci:ú.voce> "meadow"
    • Exceptionally stressed vocative: гріх<b.vócu> "sin" (also цвях<b.vócu> "nail"), знак<c,b.gen.vócu> "sign"
    • Other exceptional: друг<pr.voce.plsoft.plstem:друз> "friend"
  • Vocative singular:
    • Almost all inanimate nouns (140 of 142) have vocative -у. Only exception I can find: будя́к (accent b, voc будя́че) and луг (accent a, voc лу́же). Of these, 104 are accent a, all with stem-stressed vocative; 25 are accent b, of which 22 have ending-stressed vocative and 3 have stem-stressed vocative (гріх voc грі́ху, знак voc зна́ку, цвях voc цвя́ху); 11 are accent c, all with stem-stressed vocativ
    • Of 17 animal nouns, 11 have vocative -е with first palatalization, all of which are accent b or c, and all are stem-stressed except for лоша́к (accent b, voc лошаче́). Stem-stressed vocatives are always stressed on the last syllable. The other 6 have vocative in -у, stem-stressed, and are all accent a except for птах (accent c, voc пта́ху).
    • Of 51 personal nouns, 39 have vocative -у, variably accents a and b; 27 have accent a, all with stem-stressed vocative, and 12 have accent b, all with ending-stressed vocative. 10 have vocative -е with first palatalization, all with stem-stressed vocative, variably accents a, b and c (one is accent c: бог, voc бо́же). Two have either -у or -е (чех, accent a, voc че́ху/че́ше; робітни́к, accent b, voc робітнику́/робітни́че).
    • Conclusion: Default for velar-stem nouns should be voc sg in -у, with no stress retraction, except for animal nouns with accent b, which should default to -е. Whenever -е is the ending (default or override), first palatalization should be triggered and stress should retract onto the last stem syllable.
  • Locative singular:
    • Of 142 inanimate nouns, 76 have locative -у, 38 have locative -у or -ові, 17 have locative -і (which triggers second palatalization), and there are a smattering of various other types. 105 are accent a (all stem-stressed), 25 are accent b (all end-stressed), 11 are accent c (evenly distributed between end-stressed, stem-stressed and mixed; for this accent pattern, locative -і is always stem-stressed, locative -у tends to prefer end-stressed). The 38 with locative -у or -ові are all reducible nouns ending in -ок, while the 76 with locative -у only do not appear to include reducible nouns.
    • Of 17 animal nouns, 10 have locative -у or -ові (in that order), while 7 have locative -ові or -у (in that order). All 10 in locative -у or -ові are accent b or c with vocative -е, while 6 of the 7 in locative -ові or -у are accent a with vocative -у (the only exception is жук, with accent b and vocative -е).
    • Of 51 personal nouns, 48 have locative -ові or -у (in that order), while there is one representative each of 3 other variants. 35 are accent a (all stem-stressed), 15 are accent b (all ending-stressed), and 1 is accent c (stem-stressed).
    • Conclusion: Inanimate velar-stem nouns should have loc sg in -у if non-reducible, -ові or -у if reducible. Animal and personal nouns should have loc sg in -ові or -у. Stress follows the accent pattern.

• Masculine nouns in a hushing consonant (ш, ж, ч, щ):
  • Example nouns:
    • това́риш<pr> "comrade", криж<> "cross", о́воч<genu> "vegetable", фюзеля́ж<genu> "fuselage", аборда́ж<sg> "boarding (a ship)", слуха́ч<b.pr> "listener" (and others in -а́ч), вуж<b.anml> "grass snake" (also хрущ<b.anml> "cockchafer"), ключ<b> "key" (also м'яч<b> "ball", меч<b> "sword", плащ<b> "raincoat", пуга́ч<b> "popgun"), автогара́ж<b> "garage", ніж<b.io> "knife", дощ<b.genu> "rain", вірш<c> "poem"
  • Exceptional nouns:
    • кіш<b.io.voce> "basket"
    • муж<c.pr.locevi:i> "husband"
  • Vocative singular: All 29 nouns are stem-stressed. 8 of 9 nouns in -ж have vocative singular in -е (only exception is ґандж "defect", which is given vocative -е in mova.info). 19 of 20 nouns in ш/ч/щ have vocative singular in -у (only exception is кіш "basket", which is given vocative -у in mova.info).
  • Locative singular: All 20 inanimate nouns (including one singular-only) have locative singular in -і/у or -у/і. 8 of 9 personal/animal nouns have locative singular in -еві/у/і (6 of 9, all personal) or -і/еві/у (3 of 9, all animal). Only exception: муж "husband" with locative singular in -еві/і (given as -і/у/еві in mova.info).

• Masculine nouns in ць:
  • Example nouns:
    • америка́нець<*.pr> "American" (also ні́мець<*.pr> "German" and many other nationality nouns; ви́борець<*.pr> "voter"), англі́єць<*.pr> "Englishman" (also кита́єць<*.pr> "male Chinese person"), брази́лець<*.pr> "Brazilian" , оселе́дець<*.anml> "herring", па́лець<*> "finger" , пе́рець<*.genju> "pepper", ((та́нець<*.genju>,тане́ць<*.genju>)) "dance", купе́ць<*.pr> "merchant, tradesman", ссаве́ць<*.anml> "mammal", кіне́ць<*> "end" (also оліве́ць<*> "pencil"), стіле́ць<*> "pencil" , чепе́ць<*.i> "bonnet" , вдове́ць<*.pr.i> "widower" , боє́ць<*.pr.i> "fighter" , за́єць<c*.anml> "hare"
  • Exceptional nouns:
    • горобе́ць<*.anml.voce> "sparrow", хло́пець<*.pr.voce> "boy"
    • ((оте́ць<*.pr.stem:вітц.voc:о́тче>,оте́ць<*.pr.voce>)) "father"
    • грець<b.pr> "player" (mova.info confirms, with example кова́ль)
    • черне́ць<*.pr.stem:ченц.voce> "monk"
  • Vocative singular: 41 of 45 nouns have vocative singular in -ю. Of the 41 in -ю, the stress follows the accent pattern in all but грець<b.pr> "player", which is the only non-reducible noun among the accent-b nouns (see below under masculine nouns in -ь other than -ць). The remaining 4 in -е are all stem-stressed despite 3 of the 4 being accent b. (Vocative in -е always seems to trigger stem stress and first palatalization.)
  • Locative singular: All 28 personal nouns and all 4 animal nouns have locative singular in -еві/ю/і (in some order; the given order is preferred by Slovozmina). All 12 inanimate nouns have locative singular in -ю/-і (in some order; the given order is preferred by Slovozmina). In all nouns, the stress follows the accent pattern.

• Masculine nouns in -ь (other than -ць):
  • Example nouns:
    • Accent a: автомобі́ль<M> "car" (also жо́лудь<M> "acorn"), готе́ль<M.genju> "hotel", при́ятель<pr> "friend", лосо́сь<M.anml> "salmon" (also го́голь<M.anml> "goldeneye (duck)", лось<M.anml> "elk", ґедзь<M.anml> "horsefly"), ко́рінь<M.ie> "root" (also ка́мінь<M.ie> "stone (object)", кре́мінь<M.ie> "flint", ре́мінь<M.ie> "belt, strap", сту́пінь<M.ie> "degree"), ель<M.sg> "ale", во́день<M.*.sg> "hydrogen", ка́мінь<M.sg.ie> "stone (subtance)", біль<M.io.genju> "ache, pain", ведмі́дь<M.anml.ie> "bear" (also ле́бідь<M.anml.ie> "swan"), у́чень<M.*.pr> "student, pupil" (also в'я́зень<M.*.pr> "prisoner"), пі́вень<M.*.anml> "rooster", кі́готь<M.*> "claw" (also лі́коть<M.*> "elbow", ні́готь<M.*> "fingernail/toenail", бе́резень<M.*> "March", ве́ресень<M.*> "September", пі́вдень "noon"), ((сту́пінь<M.ie>,сту́пінь<M.*>)) "step"
    • Accent b: ферзь<M.b.pr> "queen (in chess)" (also коро́ль<M.b.pr> "king", курку́ль<M.b.pr> "miser"), кара́сь<M.b.anml> "crucian carp", джміль<M.b.anml.ie> "bumblebee", ячмі́нь<M.b.sg.ie> "stye (in the eye)", ячмі́нь<M.b.ie.genju> "barley", день<M.*> "day" (also пень<M.*> "stump, stub", корабе́ль<M.*> "ship"), жураве́ль<M.*.anml> "crane", вого́нь<M.*.genju> "fire"
    • Accent c: учи́тель<M.c.pr> "teacher", жаль<M.c.genju> "sorrow"
  • Exceptions:
    • кінь<M.d.anml.io.locevi:i.genplej.insplьmy:jamy> "horse"
    • гість<M.e,a.pr.io.genpléj.inspljamy:ьmy> "guest"
    • ((пе́рстень<M.*.stem:персн>,пе́рстень<M.>)) "ring"
  • Vocative singular: The vocative ending is always -ю except for ка́мінь "stone (material)", with vocative ка́мінь, which I think is a mistake. In accent pattern b, it's stem-stressed in 7 cases and end-stressed in 8 cases. Among the 8 end-stressed cases, 6 are reducible, and the other 2 are both ячмі́нь (stem ячмен-). mova.info agrees with this and adds курі́нь (stem куре́н-) as also having an end-stressed vocative, which Slovozmina agrees with. Among the 7 stem-stressed accent b cases, none are reducible (and none end in -нь or -інь; one, джміль, ends in -іль with stem джмел-). mova.info adds коші́ль to this class, which Slovozmina believes is accent pattern a. Conclusion: It's end-stressed in accent b reducible nouns and nouns in -інь, and stem-stressed in all other cases (which includes besides the accent b nouns, 44 accent a nouns, 3 accent c nouns, 1 accent d noun and 1 accent a/e noun).
  • Locative singular: As above, all 10 personal nouns and 9 of 10 animal nouns have locative in -еві/-ю/-і (the preferred order on Slovozmina) or a permutation, and all 43 inanimate nouns have locative in -ю/-і (the preferred order on Slovozmina). In all nouns, the stress follows the accent pattern. The one exception is кінь "horse", with locative singular in -еві/-і.
  • Genitive plural: Of the non-singular-only nouns, 54 end in -ів, 2 in -ей, which have to be overridden manually. In all nouns, the stress follows the accent pattern, except for гість, which is either pattern e or a but has genitive plural in -е́й only (this may be a general characteristic of genitives in -е́й).

• Masculine nouns in -й:
  • Example nouns:
    • трамва́й<> "tram", геро́й<pr> "hero" (also євре́й<pr> "Jew", лиході́й<pr> "villain", ґей<pr> "gay person"), змій<anml> "dragon", музе́й<genju> "museum", рай<sg> "paradise" (also ка́лій<sg> "potassium"), покі́й<io.genju> "calm, rest; room, chamber", воді́й<b.pr> "driver (of a vehicle)" (also буга́й<b.pr> "large, strong man (derogatory)"), буга́й<b.anml> "bull; bittern", солове́й<*.anml> "nightingale" , чай<c.genju> "tea", рій<c.io.genju> "squad (military)"
  • Exceptional nouns:
    • ((зло́дій<pr>,зло́дій<pr.plstem:злоді́>)) "thief", рій<c.io.genju:já.locjú> "swarm, crowd", край<c.genju.locji:jú> "edge; place; country" (also гай<c.genju.locji:jú> "grove"), край<c.genju.locji> "krai"
  • Vocative singular: The vocative ending is always -ю (except in adjectival nouns, which aren't being considered here). Always stem-stressed except in солове́й, which is the only reducible noun; hence the same logic applies as for regular soft nouns.
  • Locative singular: In general, as for regular soft nouns, personal and animate nouns have -єві/-ю/-ї (the preferred order on Slovozmina) or a permutation, and inanimate nouns have -ю/-ї (the preferred order on Slovozmina) or a permutation. There are some exceptions, listed above.

• Masculine nouns in -о:

Example nouns: солове́йко<M.pr> "nightingale", та́то<M.pr.genpl-> "dad", ба́тько<M.c.pr> "father", дя́дько<M.c.pr> "uncle"

• Adjectival nouns:
  • Masculine examples: лю́тий<+> "February", хво́рий<+.pr> "ill person, patient"
  • Feminine examples: ва́нна<+> "bathroom", вагі́тна<+.pr> "pregnant woman", ((ча́йна<+>,чайна́<+>)) "tearoom", парна́<+> "steam room"
  • Neuter examples: майбу́тнє<+.sg> "the future"

• у vs. а in gen sg. of masc (and neuter?) nouns: Semantically determined; must be manually specified

• Accusative plural = genitive plural for nouns referring to people.
• Accusative plural = nominative plural or genitive plural for nouns referring to animals.

  @Benwing2: That seems to be the case, as with жук (žuk), змій (zmij), which have different forms dependent on the senses. I wasn't familiar with this feature of the Ukrainian grammar.

  @PUC, we may need to split змій (zmij) after all, that would be more accurate. acc. pl "змі́ї", "змі́їв" would apply to "dragon, kite" (animal or animal like creature) and "змі́їв" to "insidious, cunning, evil man" (person) but In reply to this revision and my reply on Talk:змій. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 04:26, 18 May 2020 (UTC)

• Accusative plural = nominative plural for nouns referring to inanimate objects.
• Accusative singular = genitive singular for masculine nouns referring to people or animals, including neuter-form masculine nouns like ба́тько (bátʹko) but not feminine-form masculine nouns like соба́ка (sobáka) where the accusative is already different from the nominative.

  @Benwing2: I don't quite understand this part. This is probably related to the issue already resolved about animals and humans. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 05:03, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

@Atitarev I meant "genitive singular" not nominative singular. Benwing2 (talk) 05:58, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

• і -> nothing: ще́бінь "gravel", gen sg. ще́бню in mova.info (given ще́беню in Slovozmina and sum.in.ua, and as щебе́ню (or щебеню́?) in slovnyk.ua); сту́пінь "step", gen sg. сту́пеня/сту́пня in Slovozmina (given as сту́пінь сту́пеня or ступі́нь ступня́ in mova.info, and as сту́пі́нь unaccented ступеня/coll. ступня in sum.in.ua, and as сту́пінь unaccented ступеня/coll. ступня in slovnyk.ua)
• Cн: борозна́ -> бо́розен, війна́ -> во́єн, весна́ -> ве́сен, сосна́/со́сна -> со́сен/со́сон, їда́льня -> їда́лень, авіамайсте́рня -> авіамайсте́рень, віта́льня -> віта́лень, виноку́рня -> виноку́рень, гри́вня -> гри́вень, кав'я́рня -> кав'я́рень, ку́хня -> ку́хонь, ліка́рня -> ліка́рень, майстерня -> майсте́рень, пі́сня -> пісе́нь, пове́рхня -> пове́рхонь, спа́льня -> спа́лень, су́кня -> су́конь, шестірня́ -> шестере́нь. багно́ -> ба́гон, вікно́ -> ві́кон, волокно́ -> воло́кон, зерно́/зе́рно -> зе́рен, полотно́ -> поло́тен, стегно́ -> сте́ген/сте́гон, стерно́ -> сте́рен, судно́ -> су́ден, сукно́ -> су́кон, я́сна (pl only) -> я́сен
• Cм: ку́чма -> ку́чем, тю́рма -> тю́рем
• Cл: мітла́ -> мі́тел, земля́ -> земе́ль, кра́пля -> кра́пель, ча́пля -> ча́пель, ша́бля -> шабе́ль, житло́ -> жи́тел, крі́сло -> крі́сел, ма́сло -> ма́сел, скло -> сте́кол, срі́бло -> срі́бел, число́ -> чи́сел
• Cр: гра -> і́гор, медсестра́ -> медсе́стер/медсесте́р, сестра́ -> се́стер/сесте́р, відро́ -> ві́дер
• Cк: і́грашка -> і́грашок, абіссі́нка -> абіссі́нок, абітуріє́нтка -> абітуріє́нток, абрико́сівка -> абрико́сівок, абха́зка -> абха́зок, авіаобро́бка -> авіаобро́бок, авіаро́звідка -> авіаро́звідок, ава́рка -> ава́рок, австрі́йка -> австрі́йок, австрія́чка -> австрія́чок, автобетономіша́лка -> автобетономіша́лок, білору́ска -> білору́сок, ба́бка -> бабо́к, бджі́лка -> бджіло́к, ві́тка -> віто́к, га́лка -> га́лок/гало́к, гре́чка -> гречо́к, ді́вка -> діво́к, довгоні́жка -> довгоні́жок, до́нька -> до́ньок, дочка́ -> до́чок, до́шка -> до́щок (!), жі́нка -> жіно́к, зі́рка -> зіро́к, кі́шка -> кі́шок, ка́зка -> казо́к, ка́лька -> ка́льок, кишка́ -> кишо́к, ля́лька -> ляльо́к, etc.
• Cв: моли́тва -> молито́в, підо́шва -> підошо́в, пі́хва -> пі́хов, це́рква -> церко́в
• Cц: вівця́ -> ове́ць