User:Dan Polansky/Notes

Admins | Idioms | Glossary | Sources | Todo | Track core discussion | Webster

Why should I and others contribute Czech translations to English Wiktionary:

Do you want to help us building the Czech part of English Wiktionary? See Wiktionary:About Czech and Wiktionary:Requested entries:Czech.

Summary of benefits for Czech native speakers; see detail in User:Dan Polansky/Motivation:

• Translations CZ <-> EN, the language with vast information resources
• Translations CZ <-> Any
• English definitions
• Czech synonyms
• English synonyms
• English semantic network – synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms, meronyms, holonyms
• Czech related terms
• English related terms
• English etymologies – suggest the etymologies for Czech non-native words such as "argumentace"
• Browsing by topic categories – such as "Communication"
• Pictures – get an idea
• Patterns in language families
• Metaphors in different languages
• Links to Wikipedia
• Basis for non-Czech Wiktionaries
• Everything else – all kinds of information artifacts for other languages including Latin, Ancient Greek, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, documented in the world's lingua franca—English, which has replaced Latin as the language of international scientific communication

Adjectives with multiple genders:

• Example: noční.
• Problem: currently, set like noční m. But it also applies to feminine and neuter.
• Solutions:

• Model language: unknown.
• Handling in the cs-adj template: new gender 'a', meaning all, used like { { cs-adj|g=a } }.
• To be decided, if possible by modeling on other languages, and consulting other people.

Comparatives and superlatives in Czech adjectives

• case: snazší, snadnější; nejsnazší, nejsnadnější
• markup on the inflection line: undetermined

• User:Connel MacKenzie
• User:SemperBlotto
• User:Dmcdevit
• User:Robert Ullmann
• See also Wiktionary:Administrators

• WT:AAGR
• Diacritics (also W:Greek_alphabet#Greek_in_Unicode)
  • acute –  ́ – άέίόύώή
  • circumflex – ͂ – ᾶῖῦῶῆ – example words: γλῶσσα, ἰῶτα
  • rough breathing mark – ̔ – ἁἑἱὁἡὑ – All words which start with a vowel have a breathing mark, says WT:AAGR
  • smooth breathing mark – ᾽ – ἀἐἰὀἠὐ – All words which start with a vowel have a breathing mark, says WT:AAGR
  • diaeresis – ¨ – example word: Καϊάφας
  • macron – ˉ – āēī – Should not be used in an entry title, says WT:AAGR
  • breve – ˘ – ăĕĭ – Should not be used in an entry title, says WT:AAGR
• Combined diacritics
  • acute and smooth breathing mark – ἄἔἴ – ἔτος
  • circumflex and smooth breathing mark – ἦ - ἦθος
• Romanization(*)
  • omega -> ō
  • etha -> ē
• Recent changes
  • Ancient Greek nouns
  • Visviva: Ancient Greek
• People: Atelaes (grc-1), Flyax (el), Omnipaedista (grc-3)
• Verification
  • Century 1911 - DJVU
  • Strong's numbers
    • User:Dubaduba/Strong's Greek
    • strongsnumbers.com
  • Liddell & Scott online, A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1940.
  • other Wiktionaries

• BP: "Russian noun stuff", April 2009 - the value of animacy information in Russian entries

• BP, "Preventing creation of new entries by anons", November 2010

• See #Parsing

• Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-12/curly quotes in WT:ELE
• BP: "Printer's apostrophe (or should I say Printer’s apostrophe)", March 2009

• Articles in the definitions, such as "A " in "A man-made body of water."
  • Also "The " in some proper nouns and "To " in verbs.
• Lexicographical precedent
• Distinguishing nouns and verbs
• Indication of countability
• BP: "Redundant articles?", August 2009

• Wiktionary:AWB
  • Wiktionary:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage
  • W:Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser
• WT:ACCEL - Conrad Irwin's accelerated editing

• BP: Propose change in the blocking policy, March 2009
• Terms: block, blocking policy, abuse of administrative power.
• Wiktionary:Blocking policy
• Wiktionary:Blocking policy/new
• Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2010-01/New blocking policy

{{nav|lang=cs|langname=Czech|current=Pathology|parent=Medicine}}

• Category:cs:All topics
• Category:cs:Anatomy
• Category:cs:Pathology
• Category:cs:Family
• Category:cs:Grammar
• Category:cs:Set theory
• Category:cs:Algebra
• Category:cs:Statistics
• Category:cs:Law
• Category:cs:Crime
• Category:cs:Computing
• Category:cs:Astronomy
• Category:cs:Graph theory
• Category:cs:Fruits
• Category:cs:Vegetables
• Category:cs:Containers - to be completed
• Category:cs:Countries
• Category:cs:Chemical elements
• Category:cs:Athletics - to be completed
• Category:Czech male given names
• Category:Czech female given names
• Category:Czech male surnames
• Category:Czech female surnames
• -
• Redirect: Category:Category redirects; {{catred|Romani language}} - Category:Romany language
• Thread: "Fine-grained categorization of nouns", in Beer Parlour

Category types, for the purpose of "cs:" vs "Czech ":

There is a work in progress on a tool for MediaWiki that should enable wholesale renaming of categories. See Google Summer of Code 2008.

Well, Category:Colors is not really a topical category in a very narrow sense; the relationship between its members and its title is "is-a". Compare to the topical category of Category:Physics. But making this kind of distinction may be unfeasible or too complex.

There is a host of terms that I would like to see in a common category. It is just that I do not know any name for that category. The terms that I mean are the vague synonyms for category, used in various contexts:

Solved. See Wikisaurus:class.

• Generic: make <adjective> (active, subject is operator), get <adjective>, become <adjective> (passive, subject is operand), turn to <noun> (active and passive)
• -en: embolden, darken, blacken, harden, ...

• Wiktionary:About Chinese
• BP
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/July_06#Min_Nan, July 2006
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/2007/April#Amoy, April 2007
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/2007/April#Headings for 漢語, 閩南話, 粵語 etc., April 2007
  • Recurring problem with Chinese vs. Mandarin, May 2009

Structure of the topics and options:

• Topics or questions, then options
  • T1: topic: the placement of Chinese translations in the "====Translation====" section of the "==English==" section
    • O11: option: use "* Chinese" and "** Mandarin" and "** Min Nan"
    • O12: option: use "* Mandarin" and "* Min Nan", to the exclusion of "* Chinese", making the two stand apart
    • O13: option: use "* Mandarin" and "* Min Nan"; let Chinese redirect to Mandarin by using "* Chinese: See Mandarin"
    • O14: option: use "* Mandarin Chinese" and "* Min Nan Chinese", to the exclusion of "* Chinese", making the two stand apart
    • O15: option: other, unspecified
  • T2: topic: the naming of Chinese L2 headings
    • O21: option: allow "Chinese", "Mandarin", "Min Nan" at the headings of level 2, with "Chinese" defaulting to mean "Mandarin"
    • O22: option: discourage "Chinese" at the headings of level 2; only use "Mandarin", "Min Nan", etc.
    • O23: option: have "Mandarin Chinese", "Min Nan Chinese" at the headings of level 2
    • O24: option: other, unspecified

The following coinages of mine are, of course, not entered into Wiktionary:

• paretovská optimalita; English: Pareto optimality; replaced form: Pareto optimalita
• řadice; English: tuple; replaced form: uspořádaná n-tice; other meaning: some kind of device; models: řada, dvojice, trojice, seřazený, řádek (in a database table)
• přitahovač; English: attractor; replaced form: atraktor; other meaning of "přitahovač": a specific muscle; models: přitažlivý, přitažlivost, přitahovat
• dušeléčba; English: psychotherapy; replaced form: psychoterapie; models: vodoléčba. Alternative: ducholéčba.
• potlačovač; English: inhibitor; replaced Czech form: inhibitor; see also tlumič
• en:hash function: míchací funkce, zamíchací funkce, gulášová funkce (preferred; "mám v tom pěknej guláš"; "hash" is also a kind of food from chopped meat), kašová funkce (but: kaše need not be mixed up, and does not consist of discrete pieces).
• en:debugger: ladička (to debug - ladit; already denotes the tuner of musical instruments), mucholapka ("má to ještě své mouchy", both bug and moucha are insects)
• protizánětlivo - antiflogistikum; model: léčivo
• protibolestivo - analgetikum; model: léčivo
• nervopřenašeč - neurotransmiter; attestable form: neuropřenašeč
• lékoléčba - farmakoterapie
• okolékař - oftalmolog; model: okohybný, but contrast to očividný
• okoměřič - optometrista; model: okohybný, zeměměřič
• daňoplátce - daňový poplatník; English: taxpayer; but beware of the confusion with the lexal term "plátce daně"
• buňkáč - spreadsheet; is a sheet that consists of cells - buňky; used Czech terms: tabulkový procesor, tabulkový kalkulátor; alternative: tabulkáč, but it has three syllables, whereas buňkáč has only two.
• foun - phone, telephone; phonetic transcription of the English "phone"; no more foreign than the actually used "telefon"; alternative coinage: "fón"; models: "fajn" from English "fine", "tramvaj" from English "tramway", or "sendvič" from English "sandwich"; other models in Category:Czech terms derived from English
• volač - phone; coined as a device for "volání" using the suffix "ač"
• chytrofon - smartphone; model: mikrofon; is a compound just like "smartphone"; has some Google hits: google:chytrofon
• chytrovolač - smartphone, using "volač" from above

• Definition: collective noun -- A noun which, though singular, refers to a group of things or animals. Also W:Collective noun.
  • Hypernym: count noun
  • Examples: herd, flock, mob, pride, bunch, see below.
• Contradistinction: mass noun -- A noun that normally cannot be counted; a common noun that presents entities as an unbounded mass.
  • Antonym: count noun
  • Examples: money, cutlery, furniture, food; glassware, footware, hardware, software, malware, ...; water, juice, sugar, sand, metal, wood
  • See also W:Mass noun
  • Hypernym: uncountable noun; see also Category:English uncountable nouns
  • W:Cumulativity
    • Term: cumulative reference
    • A set-theoretic formalization of mass noun vs count noun distinction
• Category:English collective nouns
• Appendix:Collective nouns
  • Appendix:Collective nouns objects/A-M
  • Appendix:Collective nouns objects/N-Z
  • Appendix:Collective nouns nouns/A-M
  • Appendix:Collective nouns nouns/N-Z
• Examples
  • Generic: group
  • Of animals: herd, flock, mob, pride, bunch, gaggle, horde, host, legion, litter, nest, rabble, swarm, throng, wake
  • Of people: troop
  • forest? (of trees), city? (of dwellings)
• Differentia: A possible differentiating form, which rules out "forest" and "city": The <collective noun> of <member type>. But is it?
• Differentia: "Collective nouns always refer to living creatures", from Talk:collective_noun, quoting
• Inference of member type from the collective noun is often impossible: "group" carries no type information.

• collocation – 2. The statistically significant collocation of particular words in a language. 1. The grouping or juxtaposition of things, especially words or sounds.
• WP-def: A sequence of words or terms which cooccur more often than would be expected by chance.
• A collocation of two words need not be a phrase; the collocated words need not come next to each other.
  • "Little and few are also incomplete negatives; note the frequent collocation with no: there is little or no danger."
• fis.edu: Collocation
• See also #Object model

• Czech compounds
  • Examples: barvoslepý, cechmistr, cukrovar, Černobyl, černovlasý, darmošlap, hlavolam, hlavonožec, chámovod, kamenolom, kazisvět, kávovar, Krakonoš, krátkozraký, krkolomný, kulomet, modrooký, mrakodrap, větrolam, muchomůrka, názvosloví, prostopášný, prostovlasý, prvočíslo, prvouka, psovod, rodokmen, ropovod, světlomet, šeroslepý, štítonoš, tlučhuba, vejcovod, veselohra, věrolomný, větroplach, vodovod, zlatohlávek, vakovlk, kočkopes, rodokmen
  • hyponymy of Czech terms for "compound":
    • složenina
      • složenina pravá - složenina vlastní (barvoslepý, vodovod; separation into parts generates invalid words)
      • složenina nepravá - složenina nevlastní - spřežka (sebepoznání, chvályhodný, cechmistr?)
• German compounds: Wetterlage, Todesangst? (=Tod+es+Angst), Inhaltsverzeichnis? (=Inhalt+s+Verzeichnis), Arbeitsvertrag? (=Arbeit+s+Vertrag); see Category:German compound words.
• Danish compounds: barnevogn = barne- (from barn) + vogn
• —
• English compounds: bitmap, eareache, headache, hilltop, hitmaker, hivemind, laptop, notebook, shoemaker, sunburn, sunrise, sunset, sunspot, toothache, troublemaker; see Category:English compound words
• English non-compounds: nasogastric; see also WT:TR#nasogastric, July 2009
  • That's odd.
  • In Czech, words usually need to be inflected before they can be compounded.
  • In Latin, words may also need to be inflected before they can be compounded.
  • "nasogastric" is a Latin-based word.
  • I don't see "naso-" and "laryngo-" as a prefixes; subjective assessment?
  • I see prefixes as preposition-like morphemes.
• Patterns:
  • Pattern: <operand or result of operation> . <operation>: storytelling, childbearing, childrearing
  • Pattern: <operand or result of operation> . <operator>: storyteller, ringbearer, groundbreaker, troublemaker, hitmaker, screwdriver, lawgiver, lawmaker, shoemaker, graverobber, conferencegoer (imperfect fit), gymgoer (imperfect fit), gunmaker
  • Pattern: <substance> . <substance>: batboy, bargirl, bookroom, flintstone, gunwoman, weathergirl
  • Pattern: <substance> . <adjective>: collegebound, heartstopping, breathtaking, watersoaked
  • Pattern: <adjective> . <?>: weakhearted, fainthearted, woodenheaded
• See also #Morphology
• W:Compound (linguistics)
• W:English compound
• W:Classical compound

• Wiktionary:Context labels
• Category:Context labels
  • Category:Topical context labels
  • ...
• Classification - from Wiktionary:Context labels
  • Topical labels -- identify usage in a technical or specialized subject field: medicine, banking, etc.
  • Regional labels -- identify dialect or regionalism: Australia, Flemish, etc.
  • Grammatical context labels -- identify the part of speech or grammatical function of the sense: auxiliary, uncountable, etc.
  • Usage labels -- identify other contexts: archaic, obsolete, historical, slang, vulgar, colloquial, formal, informal, etc.
  • Qualifiers -- modify other context labels: chiefly, etc.
• Definitions
  • usage label
  • context
• Votes
  • Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2009-03/Context labels in ELE
  • Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2009-03/Context labels in ELE v2
• Positions
  • Removal of pseudo-context labels - Michael Zajac, EncycloPetey
  • Keeping of pseudo-context labels - probably supported by Stephen G. Brown
• Discussions
  • BP, "{{colloquial}} and {{informal}} tags", December 2007
  • BP, "template:mammal", October 2009
  • BP, "Template:bird (et al.)", December 2009
• Qualifiers - Category:Usage context labels
  • {{rare}}
  • {{nonstandard}} - Definition missing. Examples missing.
  • —
  • {{colloquial}} - For terms that (a) likely arose via casual conversational language, and (b) are likely to be used primarily in casual conversation rather than in more formal written works, speeches, and discourse. Compare similar tag informal. Examples: TODO; counterexamples: TODO.
  • {{informal}} - For terms that are used primarily in a familiar or casual context; terms for which a clear, formal equivalent that is employed in its place in formal contexts often exists. Compare similar tag colloquial.
  • {{slang}} - For (a) language unique to a particular (i) profession or (ii) subject, (b) specialized language of a social group, sometimes used to make what is said unintelligible to those who are not members of the group. Slang is usually outside of conventional usage, and is mostly inappropriate in formal contexts. Subgroups: jargon; cant. Examples: TODO; counterexamples: TODO.
    • "Low, vulgar, unauthorized language; a popular but unauthorized word, phrase, or mode of expression; also, the jargon of some particular calling or class in society; low popular cant; as, the slang of the theater, of college, of sailors, etc."
    • "1. The cant words or jargon used by thieves, peddlers, beggars, and the vagabond classes generally; cant."
    • "2. In present use, colloquail words and phrases which have originated in the cant or rude speech of the vagabond or unlettered classes, or, belonging in form to standard speech, have acquired or have had given them restricted, capricious, or extravagantly metphorical meanings, and are regarded as vulgar or inelegant."
  • —
  • colloquial-hits in the dump 20100119 of "{{colloquial": 2744
  • informal-hits in the dump 20100119 of "{{informal: 2383
  • —
  • {{dated}} - still in occasional use, but now unfashionable.
  • {{archaic}} - no longer in general use, still found in some contemporary texts, and generally understood by educated people
  • {{obsolete}} - no longer in use, and no longer likely to be understood
• Pseudo-context templates
  • {{mammal}} - see its RFDO
  • {{reptile}}
  • {{amphibian}}
  • organic compound, pharmaceutical drug, protein, fish, bird, amino acid, birds, carbohydrate, carbohydrates, chemical compound, inorganic compound, chemical element, element, chess piece, city, coenzyme, color, colour, computer language, genre, genres, insect, mushroom, mushrooms, plant, plants, enzyme

• COCA - online - W:Corpus of Contemporary American English
• BNC - online - W:British National Corpus
• CNC - online - The Czech National Corpus

Customizing of appearance of Wiktionary:

• User:Dan Polansky/monobook.css
• Wiktionary:Preferences
• MediaWiki:Monobook.css
• WT:BP#{{citedterm}}, September 2009

Sources on the Czech languages, especially Czech grammar:

• Czech by Laura A. Janda and Charles E. Townsend (PDF)
• Wiktionary:About Czech
• Category:Czech language
• Appendix:Czech nouns
• Appendix:Czech verbs
• Wikipedia
  • W:Czech language
  • W:Czech declension
  • W:Czech verb - including verb classes
  • Adjective
    • W:Czech_declension#Adjective
    • W:cs:Česká přídavná jména
      • Skloňování
      • Vzory přídavných jmen
      • Tvrdé skloňování
      • Měkké skloňování
      • Přivlastňovací přídavná jména
      • Stupňování
      • Jmenné tvary
      • Přípona přídavných jmen
• Czech Wikisource
• See also WT:ACZ

The only person regularly adding entries to the Czech Wiktionary is currently -xfi-, at the rate of 1.43 entries per day based on the last 14 days activity. As of 20 December 2007

Definitions:

• genus, differentia
• format
• A <noun>.
• An <noun>.
• To <verb>.
• A <genus> such that <differentia>, including <subclass>, exemplified by <example>.
• A <genus> such that <differentia> such as <example>.
• A <differentia> <genus>.
• The quality or state of being <adjective>.
• <definition> ; <alternative phrasing of a definition of the same sense>; <one more phrasing>.
• <genus-differentia definition>; <synonym>.
• gloss vs non-gloss ("A four-wheeled motor vehicle" vs "A term denoting four-wheeled motor vehicles")

Order of definitions:

• Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/January_06#Historical_principles - on whether to order definitions by commonality or in chronological order AKA historical ordering

The adverbs for degrees, some for scales between 0.0 and 1.0, other for open-ended scales, estimated:

• not at all
• slightly, a bit, a little, marginally, somewhat
• quite
• moderately
• rather
• distinctly, markedly, considerably, significantly
• very, a lot
• extremely, exceedingly
• utterly, wholly, absolutely, fully, thoroughly, totally, completely, entirely

They come under the broader head of terms specifying a quantity.

Examples of use:

• rather useless
• utterly useless

Roget:

• “Greatness” in Roget's Thesaurus, T. Y. Crowell Co., 1911.
• “Smallness” in Roget's Thesaurus, T. Y. Crowell Co., 1911.

• WT:ELE#Derived terms
• Terms in the same language that are morphological derivatives.
• Old revision of WT:ELE discusses whether DT should be a subheading of RT, as each derived term is also a related term.
• See also #Morphology

• For a list of public domain dictionaries, see #Public domain sources
• Demarcation or contradistinction:
  • Not an encyclopedia
  • Not a gazetteer—a geographic dictionary or encyclopedia, sometimes found as an index to an atlas.
• Dictionaries of geographical names:
  • Local etymology: a derivative dictionary of geographical names, By Richard Stephen Charnock, 1859
  • Merriam-Webster's geographical dictionary, 1997
  • Nevada Place Names : A Geographical Dictionary, 1974
  • California Place Names : The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names, 2004

• a heading in some entries: facade and façade, resume and résumé
• level: probably level 4; TBR
• order and position: unclear; TBR
• absent in WT:ELE
• Appendix:Dictionary notes

• English: auntie, toughie
• German: Hörnchen, Häuschen
• Czech: keřík, stromek, stromeček, tetička
• W:Diminutive#English

• RFD "free variable", July 2009; Some of the concerned entries: algebraic number, algebraic integer, bound variable, cardinal number, complex number, free variable, imaginary number, rational number, real number, transcendental number, free software, open set, closed set, complete graph, normal distribution.
• BP: "Drop encyclopedic categories", August 2009; I posted a taxonomy of categories there based on Mzajac's terminology.

Encyclopedicity of dictionary:

• encyclopedicity of inclusion of entries ("We can't include the term "A B C", as that would be too encyclopedic.")
• encyclopedicity of definitions
• encyclopedicity of illustrations alias images
• encyclopedicity of categories ("We should drop topic categories such as 'Communication', as these are too encyclopedic")

• Wiktionary:Etymology
• {{etyl}}
  • {{etyl|fr}} -- French
  • {{etyl|fro}} -- Old French
  • {{etyl|la}} -- Latin
  • {{etyl|ML.}} -- Medieval Latin -- {{ML.}}
  • {{etyl|LL.}} -- Late Latin -- {{LL.}}
  • {{etyl|ang}} -- Old English -- {{AS.}} -- Anglo-Saxon
  • {{etyl|enm}} -- Middle English
  • {{etyl|el}} -- Greek
  • {{etyl|grc}} -- Ancient Greek
  • Language codes -- Wiktionary:Index to templates/languages
• Greek
  • Wiktionary:About Greek#Romanisation
  • "Gr." in Century 1911 should be entered as Ancient Greek into Wiktionary
  • Greek alphabet: ἐῦῶ
  • W:Greek diacritics
  • See #Ancient Greek
• People interested in etymology: User:Atelaes, User:Widsith.
• Templates
  • {{prefix}}
  • {{suffix}}
  • {{term}}
  • Category:Etymology templates
• Request
  • {{rfe}}
  • {{etystub}}
  • {{attention|grc}} - adds the term to Category:Ancient Greek terms needing attention
  • User:HippieBot/English basic words without etymologies
  • Category:Requests for etymology
• Sources
  • “etymology”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
  • “etymology”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• Discussions
  • BP, "Etymology sections are very concise", November 2008
• Folk etymology
  • at bič
  • W:False etymology

• {{examples-right}}
• For example sentences, see .

Right-floating conjugation templates:

• BP: "Questions concerning the use, naming and placement of inflection, declension and conjugation templates for FL languages.", January 2009
  • "...I think the right-floating table idea is a good one" --Ruakh
  • "I dislike the right-floating boxes, and don't think they should ever be built into the inflection line." --EncycloPetey
  • "Right hand templates are completely unacceptable, and I very much want to see them all go away." --Atelaes
• BP: "Wiktionary:Writing templates", April 2009
  • "If it's small, float right and don't hide." --Conrad.Irwin at Wiktionary:Writing templates
  • "...I for one prefer to avoid floating conjugation templates." --Dan Polansky
  • "I agree on the non-floating." --Bequw
  • "Non-floating templates are better." --EncycloPetey

• WT:ELE
• an example of malformatted Latin entry: struo
• Alternative keyword: "layout".

Wiktionary front ends (also frontends, downstream consumers):

• Wapedia - complete Wiktionary, including non-English words, Wikisaurus, and de.wikt and fr.wikt but not pl.wikt
• 7val.com - complete Wiktionary, including non-English words, Wikisaurus
• Ninjawords - only English terms; not all definitions included

See also Wiktionary:Mirrors.

• All from No.1 to people (No.140)

• jít, jet, dělat, táhnout, tlačit, zářit, platit, vázat, poutat, lít, značit, znamenat, vést, lézt, nést, rozumět, umět, hnout, žít, užít, rovnat, hrnout, věřit, dělit, třít, mazat, řadit
• stehen, stellen, geben, halten, treiben, weisen, brechen, bauen, binden, kommen, laufen, hören, nehmen

• WT:ADE
• Wiktionary:Project - German
• Swiss German
  • Example: geniessen and genießen

==German==

===Verb===
{{infl|de|verb}}

# {{form of|Swiss Standard German spelling|genießen}}

• To do
  • Let all occurrences of {{de-verb}} be renamed to {{de-verb-conj}} using a robot.
• User:Dan Polansky/German

• Case: swimming, climbing, doing, phasing, sleeping
• An -ing-form usually has a noun and a verb form section.
• An occurrence of an -ing-form such as "swimming" can be
  • (a) present participle (a verb form, "I am swimming", "I have been swimming")
  • (b) gerund (a verb form acting in part like a noun, "I like swimming", "Swimming is good for your health")
  • (c) noun ("building" – structure, "being" – creature; "several launchings"?)
• Modification:
  • using an adjective
  • using an adverb
• Object-taking:
  • opening the shop
  • the opening of the shop
• Should each gerund have a noun section?
• Definition and clarification
  • "A gerund is a verb form that acts as a noun."
  • "A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun."
  • "Adams (1973:24) points out that in the gerund, the categories of noun and verb have a meeting-point."
  • "A gerund is the verbal noun identical in form with any participle, simple or compound, that contains the termination -ing."
  • A gerund is not a string of letters but a particular ocurrence of that string in a sentence.
  • The term "swimming" cannot be determined to be a gerund or a present participle without a sentence in which it occurs and a location in that sentence, ...
    • much like that the term "fire" cannot be determined to be a noun or a verb without its occurrence in a sentence.
• Case: “swimming”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• {{gerund of}}
• {{present participle of}}
• Category:English present participles
• Discussions
  • BP: English_plural_gerunds, December 2008, 1600 words; Visviva, DCDuring, Ruakh, SemperBlotto, EncycloPetey, Brett
  • Wiktionary:Requests_for_deletion/Others#Category:English gerunds, August 2009
  • Wiktionary:Requests_for_deletion#fucking, August 2009
• References
  • H.W. Fowler, The King’s English, 2nd ed. 1908, section "PARTICIPLE AND GERUND"
  • W:Gerund

• template:gloss
• options: (a) format using a set of translations, separated by a gloss; (a) (i) using gloss template: "] {{gloss|domesticated feline}}", (a) (ii) using "] (''domesticated feline'')", (a) (iii) using "] (domesticated feline)"; (b) create entries resembling English entries, with articles, fullstop, and a full-fledged definition: "A cat; a domesticated feline."
• —
• BP: Formatting of glosses of non-English entries, November 2008
• BP: Using template:gloss in non-English entries, November 2008
• BP: Glosses indicating English meanings, March 2009

• User:Dan Polansky/Glossary
• No policy on glossaries.
• Whether they're actually wanted is unclear.
• Categories:
  • Category:Appendices.
  • Category:Glossaries
  • W:Category:Glossaries
  • W:Category:Lists of terms
• Wiktionary:Glossary is an exception, documenting the glossary of Wiktionary project.
• Naming:
  • Appendix:Glossary of $1 - main?
  • Appendix:Glossary of $1 terms - Googling for "gloosary of" shows this form quite common in the internet.
  • Appendix:$1 glossary - rarely
  • Appendix:$1 terminology - quite often found at W:Category:Glossaries
  • Appendix:$1 terms - sometimes found at W:Category:Glossaries
• Formatting:
  • Model on Wiktionary:Glossary
  • Table of contents: {{compactTOS}}, surrounded with ----.
  • Headings of level 2 for alphabetical sections.
  • Entries should start with lowercase.
  • Option a: Bullets for the single entries, (a1) with the defined word in boldface, (a2) with the definition separated from the defined term with "-"; alternative (a3): separated with ":" instead of "-".
    • Favored by: Daniel Polansky.
    • Is compact.
  • Option b: Using definition lists marked with ";" and ":".
    • Favored by: Conrad.Irwin.
    • Vaguely resembles Wiktionary entries, with lemma on a separate line.
    • Is a standard HTML method for marking up definitions.
  • Personal choice: use (a) but do not switch well-formatted pages from (a) to (b). I am getting indecisive.
• Lists vs glossaries
  • Wikipedia distinguishes list of terms from glossary, and has W:Category:Lists of terms and W:Category:Glossaries.
  • "Daniel." and Goldenrowley seems to want not to distingish them.
• Wikipedia
  • Wikipedia distinguishes list of terms from glossary, and has W:Category:Lists of terms and W:Category:Glossaries.
  • W:Portal:Contents/List_of_glossaries - a nice overview of Wikipedia's glossaries.
  • W:Category:Glossaries
  • W:Category:Lists of terms
• Discussion
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/2008/April#Glossary_-_formatting, April 2008
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/2008/June#Renaming_glossaries, June 2008
  • BP: "Titles of glossaries", July 2009

• {{google}}
• {{b.g.c.}}
• —
• {{google|type=web|search string}}
• {{google|type=books|search string}}
• {{google|type=scholar|search string}}
• {{google|type=patents|search string}}
• {{google|type=groups|search string}}
• {{google|type=news|search string}}
• {{google|type=archive|search string}}
• {{google|type=images|search string}}
• {{google|type=blogs|search string}}
• {{google|type=video|search string}}
• {{google|type=maps|search string}}
• {{google|type=finance|search string}}
• —
• Category:Linking templates

• Category:Czech idioms
• Appendix:Czech idioms

• Multiple images layed out side by side:

{| style="float: right; clear:right;"
|]
|]
|]
|}

• ]
• Pixel width. Better leave pixel width unspecified; the width of thumb pictures depends on user's style sheet.
• Period. No period after single-element captions. See Wiktionary:Beer_parlour#Formatting_captions_of_pictures of October 2008.

• {{inactive}} - for no longer active pages; for archiving as it were; "This page is no longer active. It is being kept for historical interest."

• Wiktionary:Criteria for inclusion
  • include nonSOP attested terms
    • term – word ("hole"), phrase ("black hole"), proverb, affix, ...
    • nonSOP – not being a semantic sum of parts (not "white cat")
    • attested – at least one of the following:
      • clearly widespread use
      • usage in a well-known work
      • appearance in a refereed academic journal
      • usage in (a) permanently recorded media, (a1) conveying meaning, in (c) at least 3 independent instances (d) spanning at least 1 year.
        • permanently recorded media (durably archived sources): Wiktionary:Searchable external archives
        • conveying meaning – being used, not merely mentioned; when a dictionary speaks of a word, it does not use it
• inclusion
  • terms
  • senses
  • referents (individuals such as cities)
• special treatment
  • phrasebook entries
  • person names
    • Washington: WT:RFV#Washington, September 2009
      • "The only criterion needed is that the surname alone is used to refer to the person, without the referent being explained or obvious from context. Most US presidents, Canadian and modern British prime ministers, etc., meet this test without much question; not because they meet any standard of encyclopedic notability, but simply because their surnames have demonstrably entered the lexicon. Similarly Foucault, Kant, Hegel, Bach, Beethoven, et al."--Visviva
    • Gogol: Wiktionary:RFD#Gogol, December 2009
    • Pericles: Wiktionary:RFV#Pericles, February 2009
    • see also User:Dan Polansky/Name
  • place names
  • individuals from fictional universes - CFI
    • additional inclusion requirement: three citations that are independent of reference to the universe
    • Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2008-01/Appendices for fictional terms
    • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/2007/November#Harry_Potter
    • Case: Appendix:Harry Potter
• attributive-use rule
  • what does "attributive" mean?
  • Talk:Xenophanes - "the Xenophanes of Roman culture"
• terms
  • sum of parts
  • idiom, idiomatic
  • set phrase
  • compound
  • compositional
  • collocation
• Learn about at:
  • Wiktionary:Requests_for_deletion
  • Wiktionary talk:Criteria_for_inclusion
  • Wiktionary:Idioms that survived RFD
  • Wiktionary talk:Idioms
  • Talk:human being
• Set phrases
  • according to one's understanding (compare the idiom by one's lights)
  • in front of
  • in one's opinion
  • from dusk to dawn
  • pros and cons
• Computing languages
  • Computing languages, their inclusion (programming languages, markup languages):
    • BP: Computing languages, April 2006
    • BP: Parts of speech of reserved words in computing languages, January 2008
    • BP: "colspan, etc.", October 2010
• Categories
  • Category:English phrases
  • Category:English idioms
  • Category:Phrasebook

• Hyponyms: declension, conjugation
• Category:Czech inflection templates
• Discussion on Czech inflection templates:
  • Template talk:cs-conj
  • Category talk:Czech conjugation templates

• Category:English interjections
• Category:Onomatopoeia
• oops - acknowledging a minor mistake
• ouch - pain
• argh - annoyance, dismay, embarrassment or frustration
• blah - mild frustration
• brr - coldness
• er - hesitation in speech
• uh - confusion or uncertainty.
• uh-oh - error, concern, awareness of a problem, or surprise
• oh - surprise; and several other senses
• aah - surprise; joyful pleasure
• eh - a tag question much like "isn't it?"
• eh - a request for repetition or clarification much like "what?"

• B:JavaScript (B:JavaScript/Regular Expressions, B:JavaScript/Bookmarklets)
• Guide on JavaScript in MediaWiki?

• Wiktionary:About Latin
• Appendix:Latin nouns with English derivatives
• {{R:L&S}} – Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary – tufts.edu – search
  • Has "pleo" - to fill, of which EncycloPetey says it is not attestable.
• an example of malformatted Latin entry: struo
• Corpus
  • Latin Wikisource
  • forumromanum.org
• Recent changes
  • Latin nouns
  • Visviva: Latin
• People adding Latin entries
  • EncycloPetey (la-2), Caladon (la-2), Stephen G. Brown (la-2), Word dewd543, SemperBlotto, Omnipaedista (la-3)
• Medieval Latin and Late Latin
  • {{etyl|ML.}}, {{etyl|LL.}}
  • L2 heading: Latin
  • sense: {{context|Late Latin|lang=la}}; {{context|Medieval Latin|lang=la}}

• WT:ELE
• Wiktionary:Semantic relations

Possible hyponymy structure for lexical item:

• lexical item
  • sentence
    • proverb – "don't cry over spilled milk"
    • phrase – "good morning", "how are you?", "merry Christmas", "don't mention it"; ambiguous term
  • morpheme
    • prefix
    • suffix
    • combining form?
    • ...
  • non-sentence and non-morpheme; term?; space-enabled word?
    • single-word term – "car", "swim"
    • multi-word term – "black hole", "look after"
    • ---
    • noun
      • common noun
      • proper noun (see)
    • adjective
    • pronoun
    • numeral
    • verb
    • adverb
      • pro-adverb – "here", "now"
      • adjective-stemming adverb – "weakly", "pointedly"
    • conjunction
    • preposition (see)
    • particle
    • interjection – "oops", "ouch"

Books:

• 1998, R. R. K. Hartmann and Gregory James, Dictionary of Lexicography, Routledge
• 2000, Henri Béjoint, Modern Lexicography
• 2003, R. R. K. Hartmann, Lexicography

Lexicographical products:

• Single-language dictionary with definitions, example quotations, and etymology, such as Century 1911
• Etymology dictionary, featuring mainly etymologies
• Bilingual translation dictionary
• Dictionary of place names?
• Dictionary of idioms?
• Dictionary of collocations?
• ...

More:

• W:Lexicography
• S:The Evolution of English Lexicography
• S:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dictionary

• "Male given names" vs "Masculine given names"
• My position: "male given names" is correct; in this phrase "male" is a noun used attributively; English given names do not have grammatical gender.
• Opposing position: "male given names" is grammatically incorrect; English given names have grammatical gender.
• BP: "Name appendices", December 2009

• {{Policy-SO}}
  • Enactment: - 28 January 2007
• Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2009-03/Removing vote requirements for policy changes

• dobro, zlo, krásno, komično
  • adjective-derived nouns, but not qualities it seems; qualities gone agents?
  • compare to German: "Das Gute hat gesiegt"
  • compare to English good—The forces or behaviors that are the enemy of evil.
  • "boj mezi dobrem a zlem"; "je to jen pro tvoje dobro"; "zdroj jistého komična"
  • "krásno" vs "krása"; "dobro" vs "dobrota"
• How to write a dictionary definition - wikihow.com

• Wiktionary:Common misspellings
• Category:Misspellings
• {{misspelling of}}
• # {{misspelling of|onomatopoeia}}

• See #Thesaurus

• Prefix
  • User:Dan Polansky/Prefix
  • Category:English prefixes
    • ab-, im-, in-, re-
    • anthropo-, crypto-, Anglo-, Greco-
      • I don't like classifying "anthropo" as a prefix; see #Compounds
      • These are classified as a "combining form" rather than a "prefix" by Merriam-Webster.
  • Category:Czech prefixes
• Suffix
  • User:Dan Polansky/Suffix
• Word formation(WP)
  • hyponym
    • Compounding
    • Derivation(WP)
      • hyponym
        • Affix addition
        • Back-formation: pea from pease; also Category:English back-formations
        • Blending (WP): smoke + fog → smog; cyborg; motor + hotel → motel
        • ...
• productiveness or formativeness
  • BP: "no longer productive", August 2007
• --
• W:Morphology (linguistics)
• See also #Compounds
• See also #Derived terms

Namespaces:

• Index:
  • A list of all the words of a given language, mostly without definitions?
  • Category:Wiktionary indexes
• Wiktionary:
  • Mostly policies, guidelines and how-twos?
  • Category:Wiktionary; Category:Wiktionary policies
• Appendix:
  • glossaries of words with a common topic
  • grammatical information
  • lexicographical information¹
  • Category:Appendices
• Transwiki:
  • Pages coming from Wikipedia, to be processed and cleaned up.
  • Category:Move to Wiktionary

Negation, especially in prefixes, in English:

• Prefixes
  • non:
  • non-:
  • un-: undo, unattractive, unsound, unequal, untreated
  • in-: incredible, intractable, intolerable, inconsistent, incongruous
  • il-: illegal, illogical, illegible
  • ir-: irrelevant, irresistible, irrational
  • im-: impossible, improbable, impractical, impenetrable
• The preference of "non" over "non-" or the other way around varies.

• Category:English words with negative connotations
• Category:English words with positive connotations
• Positive adjectives: good, right, correct, beautiful, nice, gorgeous, intelligent, reliable, happy, merry, healthy, successful, true, faithful, genuine, interesting, entertaining, rich, sufficient, noble, desirable, advisable, benevolent, benefactor, beneficient, clean, pure, excellent, perfect, flawless, spotless, stainless, immaculate, magnificent, magnanimous, super, wonderful, great, amazing, extraordinary, grateful, satisfactory, comfortable, praiseworthy, knowledgable, tasty, optimal, ideal, legitimate, lawful, pleasant, pleasurable, pleasing, fruitful, fertile, productive, effective, efficient
• Negative adjectives: bad, wrong, incorrect, ugly, dark, dull, stupid, unreliable, unhappy, sad, ill, failed, false, unfaithful, fake, boring, poor, beggarly, lacking, base, lowly, ignoble, undesirable, malevolent, malefactor, harmful, dirty, filthy, distasteful, regrettable, pitiable, disheartening, abject, contemptible, despicable, mean-spirited, vile, evil, worthless, cowardly, degenerate, mean, dishonorable, reproachful, shameful, disgraceful

• The term "unsourced" is frequently used in English Wikipedia. Googling finds 2E6 hits.
• The term "unsourcedness" has only 8 hits though.
• salient: salient point, salient feature
• sentence structure - frequent term

• Examples: actionis, baktéria, Akrobaten, akronymu
• Templates: {{form of}}, {{inflection of}}, {{genitive of}}, {{plural of}}; Category:Form of templates
• Language: lang=cs; deprecated: lang=Czech.
• The formatting of akronymu:

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{cs-noun form}}

# {{form of|Genitive singular|akronym|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Dative singular|akronym|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Locative singular|akronym|lang=cs}}

• The formatting of kola:

# {{form of|Genitive singular|kolo|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Nominative plural|kolo|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Accusative plural|kolo|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Vocative plural|kolo|lang=cs}}

• The formatting of Akrobaten:

==German==

===Noun===
'''Akrobaten''' {{m}}

# {{genitive of|]|lang=de}}

# {{plural of|]|lang=de}}

• The formatting of jejž:

===Pronoun===
{{cs-pron|g=m}}

# {{form of|Accusative singular masculine|jenž|lang=Czech}}

• See User:Dan Polansky/Number: digon, trigon; tryad, tetrad

• User:Dan Polansky/Numeral
• Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2006-10/Number versus Numeral, October 2006
• Wiktionary_talk:Entry_layout_explained/POS_headers#Number_versus_Numeral, October 2006
• BP: cardinal number vs. cardinal numeral, November 2006 - 5900 words - EncycloPetey argues in detail a case for "numeral"
• BP: Numerals_and_their_categories, April 2007
• BP: Numeral_categories, January 2010

• See User:Dan Polansky/Object model: objects, attribute adjectives, action verbs

• Order: Alternative spellings, Etymology, Pronunciation
• Order: Usage notes, Inflection | Conjugation | Declension, Quotations, Synonyms, Derived terms, Related terms, Translations, See also, References, External links
• Order: Adjective, Noun, Verb (see e.g. black); alphabetical
• Order: Preposition, Adverb (see before)
• Links
  • Wiktionary:Entry_layout_explained#Headings_after_the_definitions
  • Wiktionary:Entry_layout_explained#Additional_headings
• Discussions
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/2007/May - "Parts of speech in an entry - order of sequence"?
    • Alphabetical.

• http://meta.wikimedia.orghttps://dictious.com/en/Talk:Interwiki_map/Archives/2008-08#Wiktionary
• http://meta.wikimedia.orghttps://dictious.com/en/Talk:Interwiki_map#d

• Enter objects of adjectives into usage notes, if deemed instructive. (Tentative.)
• Enter subjects of verbs into usage notes, if deemed instructive. (Tentative.)
• Enter attributes of nouns into usage notes, if deemed instructuve. (Tentative.)
  • Example in knowledge: Adjectives often used with "knowledge": extensive, deep, superficial, theoretical, practical, useful, working, encyclopedic, public, private, scientific, tacit, explicit, general, specialized, special, broad, declarative, procedural, etc.
  • Example in controversial: Nouns often used with "controversial": topic, subject, work, author, method, etc.

• See Wiktionary:Parsing
• google:wiktionary API
• google:wiktionary parsing
• Parsing in Python:

  dump=xmlreader.XmlDump("wikt.bz2")

  for entry in dump.parse():

  ...do something with entry.text ...

  • User:Visviva/sloppy.py

• part of speech heading, level-2 heading in Wiktionary entries and sometimes level-3 heading
• values: (see also Wiktionary:Entry layout explained/POS headers)
  • noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, conjunction, interjection, preposition
  • proper noun, numeral, cardinal number, article, determiner, prefix, suffix, idiom, proverb
  • acronym, abbreviation, initialism, symbol, letter
• notes
  • numerals
    • "three", "four", ..., "ten" have "cardinal number"
    • "eleven" has "number"
    • "five" and "hundred" have "numeral"
    • -
    • "twelfth", "sixteenth", "seventeenth" have "numeral"
    • "fourth", "thirteenth", "eighteenth" have "adjective"
  • phrases and idioms
    • example: greetings (Wikisaurus:hello, Wikisaurus:goodbye)
    • alternative: "Interjection" - a misnomer IMHO in most cases
    • Category:Phrasebook
• discussions
  • BP, ELE-POS-phrase, September 2005
  • BP, Entries_mislabelled_as_interjections, July 2009
  • TR, 'all the "good"s', October 2009
• see also #Phrase

• See User:Dan Polansky/Phrasal verbs and Wiktionary:Phrasal verbs

• several meanings
• in one meaning, it may include one or more words instead of sharply requiring at least two words (so these are technically two meanings, one including single words, another excluding them)
• see also #Set phrase
• sometimes used in L2 headings as PoS
  • alternative: "Idiom"
  • alternative: "Interjection" - a misnomer IMHO in most cases
• Category:Phrasebook
• discussions
  • TR: 'all the "good"s', October 2009

• Wiktionary:Phrasebook
• Appendix:English phrasebook
• Category:Phrasebook
• BP, Phrasebook entries, February 2010
• CFI, section "Idiomacity"
  • "Phrasebook entries are (a) very common expressions that are (b) considered useful to non-native speakers. Although these are included as entries in the dictionary (in the main namespace), they are not usually considered in these terms. For instance, What's your name? is clearly a summation of its parts."

Tasks regarding change of policy, especially CFI:

• Get the point "1. Clearly widespread use" removed from "Attestation" section: does not really define attestation and is redundant to the 3-attestation rule of the current point 3.; support unclear
• Get the point "2. Usage in a well-known work" removed from "Attestation" section: unclear whether this gets support, although there should be less opposition after a recent vote; motivated by nonce words by Joyce
• Get section "Vandalism" removed from CFI: vandalism is not content and has nothing to do with criteria for inclusion; it gets removed from the definition of "vandalism", regardless whether it is a new entry or an edit to any information class of an existing entry
• Get section "Protologisms" removed from CFI: protologisms are already regulated in the "Attestation" section, as if a term is attested, it is not a protologism
• Get section "Attestation vs. the slippery slope" removed from CFI: it is needless, and misleads; some argue that it requires "common use" of terms in order for them to be included, by implication of the phrasing of the section
• Get the second paragraph of section "Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia" removed, the one that mentions "Houdini": very uncertain whether this could get support
• Get section "Company names" removed: could get support, but very uncertain
• Get section "Brand names" removed: unlikely to get support; a voted-on section
• Get section "“Terms” to be broadly interpreted" renamed to "Termhood": keep section headings simple and non-sentence-like
• Let the terms "attested" and "idiomatic" in section "General rule" link not to the mainspace but rather to the sections that define the terms, as ] and ], removing boldface from them
• Obsolete spellings section: Clarify whether obsolete spellings should belong to "Alternative forms" (was "Alternative spellings") section; if they do belong there, maybe propose to move the section to the bottom of the page, or let the lists of spellings be formatted using ", " rather than bullet points.

• Subpage: User:Dan Polansky/Prefix
• See also #Morphology
• Many prefixes are preposition-like morphemes.

• "prepositional" is an alternative name for the sixth case.
• The sixth case is now called "locative" in {{cs-decl-noun}}.

• See also User:Dan Polansky/Object model
• See also User:Dan Polansky/Usage
• For examples of documenting prepositions and verbs used with various words, see:
  • Talk:suffering - verbs and prepositions
  • Talk:objection - verbs and prepositions
  • Talk:model - prepositions: to model on, to model after
  • Talk:conclusion - verbs used with "conclusion"; in OO speech: methods taking "conclusion" as an object or argument
• Adjectives and prepositions:
  • "dependent on"
  • "independent of" - despite "dependent on"; "independent on" is much less common

• Category:English proper nouns
• Category:Names
• User:EncycloPetey/English proper nouns
• User:Dan Polansky/Name

Hyponymy structure:

• proper noun (Wikisaurus:name)
  • one-word proper noun – "York"
  • multi-word proper noun – "New Hampshire", "New Zealand"
  • ----
  • being or creature name
    • person name
      • first name – "Joe"
      • surname – "Newton"
        • surname uniquely identifying a notable person – "Newton", "Darwin", "Jefferson"
      • full name – "Joe Newton"
    • animal name
      • dog name – "Fido", "Rex"
      • cat name – "Felix"
    • mythological being name – "Zeus" (see also Wikisaurus:god)
  • place name (includes name of Wikisaurus:landforms and more)
    • continent name (managably many)
    • country name (managably many)
    • state name
    • district name
    • city name
    • town name
    • village name
    • street name
    • river name
    • lake name
    • mountain name
    • mountain range name
    • ...

• Head: {{cs-prov}}

Pseudo-hyponyms, seeming hyponyms:

• Releaux triangle
• love triangle
• virtual reality
• fool's gold
• black hole

See also #Idiom.

• Webster 1913 - a dictionary, sometimes etymologies, available in rich text
• Century 1911 - an extensive dictionary, with etymologies, available as DJVU
• The American illustrated medical dictionary, 1922; see also Wiktionary:Grease_pit#The American illustrated medical dictionary
• Roget 1911 - a thesaurus, available in rich text
• Moby Thesaurus II - a thesaurus, available in rich text
• See also
  • Wiktionary:Public domain dictionary – stub
  • Wiktionary:Using public domain works as a base – WordNet * Webster 1913 * Freedict * Oxford English Dictionary

Suffixes for qualities alias properties or states or conditions:

• -ness: goodness, darkness, kindness, brightness, completeness (tendency: Germanic roots?, but "completeness")
• -ity: parametricity, generosity, acidity, subjectivity, additivity, separability (tendency: Latin roots?)
  • -ability: separability, repairability, enjoyability
  • -ivity: subjectivity, additivity, commutativity (rare: commutativeness)
• -hood: likelihood, falsehood (mostly used for noun-derived qualities such as objecthood and parenthood)
• -ry: bravery
• -cy: normalcy

• several, many, a lot, lots, a couple, much, plenty, loads, tons, a myriad
• —
• "There are several points I'd like to make."
• "There are many people in the room."
• "That is a lot of work."
• "I've got a couple of remarks."
• "Earth hosts a myriad of animals."
• —
• User:Dan Polansky/Number
• #Degree

• BP: "Quotation marks and terminal punctuation", September 2009
  • Subject: '"quotation marks,"' or '"quotation marks",' ?
  • "logical quotation" vs "typesetter's quotation"
  • historical artefact resulting from protection of the smallest pieces of type for the comma
  • ----
  • British - logical quotation
  • American - typesetter's quotation

• Templates
  • {{quote-book}} - currently used in 100+ entries.
  • {{quote-journal}}
  • {{seeCites}}, {{citation}}
  • Category:Citation templates
• Wiktionary:Quotations
• Wiktionary:Citations
• Wiktionary:Grease pit archive/2008/February - a disagreement about merits of using a template, such as {{quote-book}} and {{quote-newsgroup}}. No ultimate agreement.
• WT:GP#Template:quote

Recent changes in Wiktionary:

• Standard
  • Czech nouns
  • English nouns
  • German nouns
  • Polish nouns
  • Slovak nouns
• Visviva
  • Czech
  • German
  • English
  • Polish
  • Slovak

• Put the meaning of těšit se to těšit entry, using the {{cs-reflexive}} teplate.
• Even if no non-reflexive form exists, put to the non-reflexive form page, like in mračit se.
• To těšit se, optionally put # {{reflexive of|těšit}}

• Related terms are defined as etymologically related.
• Personal policy missing.
• For problems with too many related terms, see žít, where the related terms živit, zažít and užít generate a host of terms related to them, resulting in a large list of items if made complete.
• Many terms I am entering as related are in fact derived ones, but I, a non-linguist, cannot easily verify whether they really are.
• I am now entering plenty of related (probably in fact derived) terms, as I am hiding them in the folding template, and they are so interesting.

• See #Thesaurus

Wiktionary Rooms:

• Newbie bar ● history ● comment ● Newcomers questions, minor problems, specific requests for information or assistance.
• Word bar ● history ● comment archives ● Questions and discussions about specific words.
• Etymology bar ● history ● Questions and discussions about etymology - the historical development of words.
• Policy bar ● history ● comment archives ● General policy discussions and proposals, requests for permissions and major announcements.
• Tech bar ● history ● comment archives ● Technical questions, requests and discussions.
• Req: verification ● history ● Verification process.
• Req: deletion ● history ● Deletion process.
• Req: cleanup ● history ● Cleanup process.
• ----
• Bug reports ● history ● Report bugs.
• Announcements ● history ● Minor announcements, propaganda and news.
• Administrators ● history ● Requests and votes for adminship.
• Vandalism in progress ● history ● Report vandalism and request blocks.
• Requested entries ● history ● The place where you can request entries to be made.

• Put translated adjectives in masculine only.
• Put 'I' to the left and 'J' to the right in the translation template.
• Use (italic), not (italic). (Brackets outside italic.)
• On example sentences, see .
• In quotations, put comma after the year, despite the example.

• WT:ASC
• W:Differences between standard Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian
• Discussions
  • RFD: RFD/Others - Template:User sh, June 2008
  • BP: Serbo-Croatian, March 2009
  • BP: "L2 header Serbo-Croatian instead of Croatian, Bosnian, etc.", May 2009
• Contributors: Ivan Štambuk, Dijan, Bogorm, Krun.

• Main subpage: User:Dan Polansky/Set phrase
• Definition: set phrase—A common expression whose wording is not subject to variation.
• Compare to idiom—A phrase characteristic of a particular language, that cannot necessarily be fully understood from the separate meanings of the individual words which form it, but instead must be learned as a whole unit of meaning.
• Treatment of set phrases
  • Inclusion of hi-rate set phrases and collocations is unsupported by WT:CFI.
  • Hi-rate set phrases can sneak into Wiktionary as part of example sentences.
  • I can post discovered set phrases to User:Dan Polansky/Set phrase.
  • I can post constraints on the use of verbs with classes of noun to User:Dan Polansky/Object model.
• {{set phrase}}
• See also
  • #Inclusion
  • #Idioms
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour#as_soon_as_possible of 2009-01

• Markup: --~~~~
• {{unsigned|Username or IP|0:00, 1 January 1970 (UTC)}}

• <adjective> as a <comparison> - "blind as a bat"
• <verb> like a <comparison> - "grin like a Cheshire cat"
• Appendix:English similes
• Appendix:Czech similes
• RFD: "watch like a hawk", December 2009

• WT:ASK
• Appendix:List of Proto-Slavic nouns

See also Category:Reference templates.

Statistics pertaining to English Wiktionary:

• Wiktionary:Statistics -- including the number of Czech language pages, and the rank of the Czech language
• Special:Statistics -- # content pages, users, registered users, active users, and more
• Alexa about Wiktionary -- traffic rank of Wiktionary
• http://stats.wikimedia.org/wiktionary/EN/Sitemap.htm -- Site map for statistics of English Wiktionary
• http://stats.wikimedia.org/wiktionary/EN/ReportCardTopWikis.htm -- a comparison of many language mutations of Wiktionary including such statistics as the number of pages views per month, article count, the number of new articles per day, and the number of active editors, including graphs showing the history of some of the statistics from 2001 through 2013. Some 50 languages are included.
• http://stats.wikimedia.org/wiktionary/EN/SummaryEN.htm -- the same statistics and graph as the report card above, but constrained to English
• http://stats.wikimedia.org/wiktionary/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm -- recently active users, and more
• stats.grok.se: cat -- article traffic in English Wiktionary for the page "cat" in October of 2010; change the URL to get other pages and other months; watch for "en.d" in the URL
• ----
• Wikistics - Wikimedia statistics, wikistics.org

User edits - counters:

• W:Wikipedia:WikiProject edit counters
• X!s created pages tool, tools.wmflabs.org

• {{surname}} - a substitution one, suspect
• {{en-surname}} - suspect
• Category:Czech surnames - is about words, not about objects.
• The names of the existing categories for surnames look suspect. Category:de:Surnames vs category:German surnames. One one hand, the names of the surname categories refer to words ("surnames"), not to objects ("people"). But then: Category:de:Place names --subcategory--> Category:de:Cities - a mismatch, as a city is an object while a place name is a word.
  • A solution: (i) rename "Place names" to "Places"; (ii) remove "Places" from the "Names" category.
  • Also, rename Category:cs:Given names to Category:Czech given names. Move it to the Category:Czech language. But: Requires a drastic change accross many languages.
  • Delete Category:cs:Names.

• wikisaurus:fastidious, picky, anal-retentive, finicky, pedantic, choosy, fussy, particular, meticulous

• See User:Dan Polansky/Templates.
• Category:Czech_inflection_templates

• At Wiktionary
  • Wikisaurus
  • User:Connel MacKenzie/thesaurus
  • Wiktionary:Frequency lists/Contemporary fiction in 60 categories
• Roget 1911
  • Searchable 1911 version of Roget's Thesaurus
  • Appendix:Roget's_thesaurus_classification
  • Roget's Thesaurus at Google books
• Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward - public domain
  • Public Domain Db's Free Online Thesaurus and Dictionary - searchable copy
  • Dictionary at datasegment.com - includes Moby thesaurus in its search results
  • dict.org - includes Moby thesaurus in its search results
• Roget's Thesaurus at Google books
• See also #Wikisaurus
• ----
• people
  • customer, purchaser, client; supplier, provider, vendor, seller, merchant, trader; manufacturer
  • Negative names for people: Template:ws link, Template:ws link, Template:ws link
  • dilettante, amateur, dabbler; lifestyler; weekend warrior
  • bungler, blunderer, fuckup, schlemiel
• reproduce, replicate, copy, immitate; replicator

Transitivity of verbs:

• verb
  • intransitive verb
  • transitive verb
    • monotransitive verb -- taking only a direct object
    • ditransitive verb -- taking a direct and an indirect object
• Transitivity excludes objects passed to the invoked verb after a prepositions

• Help:How to check translations
• Wiktionary:Translations
• Beer Parlour: "Formatting of glosses of non-English entries", 2008-11

• kočka, formatted using definitions.
• kočka, formatted using translation and a gloss

The point is not to forbid definitions but to avoid them whenever possible.

• Case: umístit.
• Templates for sharing of translations:
  • {{program-programme-noun}}
  • {{color-colour (verb)}}
  • {{color-colour (noun)}}
  • Wiktionary:Beer_parlour_archive/March_06
  • Wiktionary talk:Translation sharing between spellings/BP April2006

• Field Guide to Trolls
• troll
  • A person who
    • posts to a newsgroup, bulletin board, etc.,
      • in a way intended to
        • anger other posters and to
        • cause drama, or
        • otherwise disrupt the group's intended purpose.

Some Czech pronouns and pro-adverbs used for quantification, and also for asking and pointing:

Gained using Google.

It could be made a common practice at Wikipedia that articles have a section defining all the non-trivial terms invoked in them. Admittedly, the content of this section would be redundant to Wiktionary and to all the Wikipedia articles defining the terms. However, the current possible practice of searching for the definitions of the unknown terms in the articles of the terms leads to opening many articles in a web browser when you only want to read a single article. A distraction is a result.

The formatting could be as follows:

Alternatively, the classic symbols for definitions ":" and ";" could be used, leading to a kind of list instead of a table. I find the table easier to read though. Also, it can be extended with Note column and with other columns.

• Whether, when entering Czech translations of verbs into the pages with English entries, I should enter perfective or imperfective form of the word, is unclear. Sometimes, the imperfective is the obvious default, like dělat instead of udělat, zadělat or rozdělat. Elsewhere, the case is not so clear, such as in znepokojit vs znepokojovat.
• Another issue is the possible duplication of entries such as znepokojit and znepokojovat. This duplication could perhaps be avoided, by making one of the entries the main one while letting the other one link to the first one, in the style of mračit se linking to mračit.
• See {{cs-imperfective form of}}.

• To be discussed; see e.g. mrzet; líto vs být líto.

Votes in Wiktionary:

• User:Dan Polansky/Voting
• WT:VOTE
• Titles
  • Wiktionary:Votes/sy-2009-09/User:Razorflame for admin
  • Wiktionary:Votes/bt-2009-10/User:Di_gama_bot_for_bot_status
• Titles - codes
  • "" - generic vote
  • pl - policy vote
  • sy - a new admin vote
  • bt - vote for a bot
  • bc - bureaucrat vote
  • cu - checkuser vote

My views on votes in Wiktionary:

• Votes are a good thing; also executive votes are a good thing if the executive action is controversial.
• Votes are timely: they ensure a collective decision is made within a given time frame, before a deadline.
• Votes enable broader participation, as they are explicitly open for at least two weeks, or even for a month.
• Votes make collective decisions traceable; they prevent editors from falsely claiming something is not a community decision when it in fact is.
• Votes do not prevent discussions in Wiktionary. Most votes are started after a discussion has taken place in Beer parlour, and some of the discussion takes place directly in the votes.
• -
• It is better to vote on minor changes in WT:CFI and WT:ELE than to have WT:CFI and WT:ELE exposed to arbitrary changes against community consensus.

• Browser Webster 1913 at uchicago.edu
• Browse Webster 1913 at mshaffer.com
• W:Webster 1913
• {{webster 1913}}
• {{R:Webster 1913}}

Welcome templates for new users (Category:Welcome templates):

• {{welcome}} - {{subst:welcome}}
• {{welcomeip}} - {{subst:welcomeip}}

• User:Dan Polansky/Wikisaurus
• —
• Wiktionary:Wikisaurus
• Search Wikisaurus
• —
• Example: Wikisaurus:fastidious

• Proof of concept: Wikisaurus:joke, Wikisaurus:laughingstock : Having senses in an entry is compatible with aiming at as few senses per entry as possible.
• —
• User:Connel MacKenzie/thesaurus - a bot-generated thesaurus from the synonyms sections in the mainspace
• User:TheDaveRoss/to saurus - a personal list of headwords and their synonyms to be added to Wikisaurus; a worklist
• User:Richardb/danger
• —
• Discussions
  • User_talk:Jyril#Wikisaurus_translations, Mar 2009
  • Wiktionary:Wikisaurus#Discussion
• Page names
  • - a past discussion, Sep 2007
  • DAVilla's proposal: small (miniature), big (giant)

• Wiktionary:Help
• Wiktionary:Index to templates
• Wiktionary:Entry layout explained > Translations
• Wiktionary:Languages with more than one grammatical gender
• Wiktionary:Community Portal
• Wiktionary:Wiktionary is a secondary source
• Wiktionary:Links -- including a policy on linking to Wikipedia
• Appendix:Glossary
• Autoedit
• See also #Statistics

• Clarification needed.
• "black hole" is not a word; it is a two-word term.
• "black hole" is a word
• de:Kenntnisstand - a word; is "state of knowledge" a word? space-freedom is key to wordness.

Word lists:

• Index:Czech
• Wiktionary:Requested articles:Czech
• Appendix:English words all Wiktionaries should have
• Czech basic words at cs.Wiktionary
• fr:Catégorie:Noms communs en tchèque - 1800- Czech nouns

• Affix - see #Morphology
• Attributive-use rule - see #Inclusion
• Bookmarklets - see User:Dan Polansky/Scripting for bookmarklets that I used in Wiktionary
• CFI - see #Inclusion
• Computing language - see #Inclusion
• Context - see #Context labels
• Deletion - see Wiktionary:Requests for deletion and Wiktionary:Requests for deletion/Others
• Discussion rooms - see #Rooms
• Geographic name - see User:Dan Polansky/Name#Geographic name
• Index - see Wiktionary:Index and Index:All languages
• Name - see User:Dan Polansky/Name
• Programming language - see #Inclusion
• Qualifier - see #Context labels
• Subpages - see #Subpages
• Verification - see Wiktionary:Requests for verification