User:Danny lost/sandbox/דרדס

• דרדסא
• דורדסין pl
• דודרסין pl
• דנרס
• ברנס

Uncertain. Based on the context and the final ס, a loaning from some term or name in Ancient Greek or Latin seems likely. However, the high variation in the textual witnesses (with all three preceding consonants varying) limits further conclusions.

Kohut proposed the term is a corruption of ברדס (brds), here as a direct borrowing from Aramaic bardaicus (“Roman military shoe”), whence also the variant בנרס. Krauss also took it as a corruption of ברדס, but this being meant as a garment, ultimately from Latin birrus. Löw dismissed both ideas (not venturing another etymology), as Aramaic בורדס/ברדס appears separately in the same passages, and the meaning "socks" is clear from the text and later scholia.

Otherwise, דרדס is possibly related to Aramaic מדרס, Hebrew דרס, but not by conventional derivation. Jastrow supported this view. He detached it from Hebrew ברדס (“garment, cloak”), which he prefered to derive from Latin Brundusina (“Brindisian”). A verb with a similar form in Classical Syriac ܕܼܪܕܣ (drds), has to do with being dirtied by sewage.

דרדס • (transliteration needed) m (plural דרדסין)

1. (Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, rare) sock, stocking, or slipper; a kind of foot-wear
   • a. 425 C.E., Jerusalem Talmud. Kil'ayim, section 9.4:

     הלכה: הַבּוּרְסִין בִּרְיָה. הַבֻּרְדְּסִין דֵּילְמָא. הַדַּלְמַטִּיקוֹן קוֹלְבִין וּמַעֲפוֹרִין וּמִנְעֲלוֹת הַפִּינוֹן דַּרְדְּסִין.

     HALAKHAH: Bursīn are birri. Burdesīn are delma. Dalmatian garb are short sleeved tunics and overcoats. Pinon shoes are socks.

   • ibid:
     בְּעוֹן קוֹמֵי רִבִּי לָא. מַהוּ מֵיחוֹט מְסָאנֵיהּ דְּכִיתָּן. ... מוֹדֶה רִבִּי אִילָּא בָּהֵן דְּיִלְבַּשׁ דַּרְדְּסִין דַּעֲמַר עַל גַּבֵּי דַּרְדְּסִין דְּכִיתָּן דְּהוּא אָסוּר. דְּלָא שְׁלַח עִילֵּיָיא לָא שְׁלַח אַרְעֲיֵיא.

     They asked before Rebbi Illaï: May one sew one’s shoes with flax? ... Rebbi Illaï will agree that it is forbidden to wear woolen socks over linen socks since he cannot take off the inner ones unless he first takes off the outer ones.

   • Genesis Rabbah, 100.2:

     רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה הֲוָה מְפַקֵּד וְאָמַר אַלְבִּשׁוּנִי מָאנִין חִיוָרִין חֲפִיתִין וְאַלְבִּשׁוּנִי דַּרְדְּסָאי וַהֲבוּן חֻטְרִי בְּיָדִי וְסַנְדְּלָאי בְּרַגְלַי וַהֲבוּ יָתִי עַל אָרְחָא, דְּאִם אִתְבְּעֵית אֲנָא קָאֵים אוֹטְמִיס,

     Rabbi Yirmeya would command and say: "Clothe me in fine white garments, clothe me in socks. Place my staff in my hand and my sandals on my feet and place me adjacent to the road, so if I am summoned, I will arise prepared."

Used as a gloss for Pinon shoes, one item in a short list of foreign-name (all Greco-Roman? or partly of Turkic origin?) clothing items.

• wsˀ (“woolen sock”)
• ערדל

• “drds”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “drds”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Jastrow, Marcus (1903) “דַּרְדְּסָא”, in A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature‎, London, New York: Luzac & Co., G.P. Putnam's Sons
• Kohut, Alexander (1878–1892) “בנרסאי”, in ערוך השלם (in Hebrew), , volume 2, Vienna, via HebrewBooks, page 127ff
• Kohut, “בדס” p. 19ff
• Kohut, “דרדסין” p. 144
• Krauss, Samuel, Löw, Immanuel (1899) Griechische und lateinische Lehnwörter in Talmud, Midrasch und Targum (in German), volume 2, Berlin: S. Calvary, page 217

• Isaac ben Melchizedek, The British Library, MS Or. 6712 (copied: 1287, text: a. 1160): p. 59 left
• Samson of Sens, BNF MS Hébreu 362, p. 100r (and redacted text)
• Solomon ben Joseph Sirillo, MS BNF Hébreu 1389 (copied: 1542): pp. 264v-265r

Borrowed from the Aramaic דרדס into the plural form דַּרְדָּסִין (dardásin), for translating the German Strümpfe, in the mid-19th century.

A more recent learned borrowing from Aramaic דרדס, for the Hebrew version of the The smurfs in 1983, with the plural דַּרְדָּסִים (dardásim). The choice was explained by Yehiam Paddan of the production crew, noting several aspects: an influence by the original meaning of Strumpf; a highly productive form as required by the "Smurf language"; an intentional rebracketing, as a blend of דרדק +‎ קונדס.

דרדס • (dardás) m (plural indefinite דַּרְדָּסִים or דַּרְדָּסִין)

1. smurf
2. (obsolete) sock