User:Justinrleung/Interdialectal differences in Quan-Zhang Min Nan

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Initials

Xiamen p ph m b t th n l ch chh l s k kh ng g h -
Quanzhou p ph m b t th n l ch chh l s k kh ng g h -
Zhangzhou p ph m b t th n l ch chh j s k kh ng g h -
Taipei p ph m b t th n l ch chh l s k kh ng g h -
Kaohsiung p ph m b t th n l ch chh j s k kh ng g h -
Example 邊 波 門 文 地 他 卵 柳 貞 出 入 時 求 去 雅 語 喜 英

Finals

Open finals

Xiamen a e e e e e o (/o/, /ɤ/) o͘ i i u u ai au ia io iu iau oa oe oe ui oai
Quanzhou a e e er er er o (/o/) o͘ i ir u ir ai au ia io iu iau oa oe oe ui oai
Zhangzhou a e ee e oe oai o (/o/) o͘ i i u u ai au ia io iu iau oa oe e ui oai
Taipei a e e e e e o (/o/) o͘ i i u u ai au ia io iu iau oa oe oe ui oai
Kaohsiung a e e e oe oe o (/ɤ/) o͘ i i u u ai au ia io iu iau oa oe e ui oai
Example 亞 迷 茶 袋 皮 糜 澳 烏 伊 豬 有 自 愛 歐 夜 搖 油 枵 歌 杯 初 為 怪

Finals with nasal codas and nasalized finals

Xiamen m im am im im im iam in un un an ian oan ng ng eng ang iang iang ong ong iong iong
Quanzhou m im am im erm erm iam in un un an ian oan ng ng eng ang iang ang ong oang iong iong
Zhangzhou m im am om om im iam in un in an ian oan ng uiⁿ eng ang iang iang ong ong iong iang
Taipei m im am om im im iam in un un an ian oan ng ng eng ang iang iang ong ong iong iong
Kaohsiung m im am om im im iam in un in an ian oan ng ng eng ang iang iang ong ong iong iong
Example 毋 音 暗 掩 森 欣 點 因 溫 根 安 然 灣 當 飯 冰 紅 涼 雙 王 風 中 強
Xiamen aⁿ eⁿ (/ẽ/) eⁿ (/ẽ/) oⁿ iⁿ iⁿ aiⁿ auⁿ iaⁿ iuⁿ iauⁿ oaⁿ uiⁿ oaiⁿ
Quanzhou aⁿ aⁿ iⁿ oⁿ iⁿ iⁿ aiⁿ auⁿ iaⁿ iuⁿ iauⁿ oaⁿ uiⁿ uiⁿ
Zhangzhou aⁿ eⁿ (/ɛ̃/) eⁿ (/ɛ̃/) oⁿ eⁿ (/ɛ̃/) iⁿ aiⁿ auⁿ iaⁿ ioⁿ iauⁿ oaⁿ oaⁿ oaⁿ
Taipei aⁿ aⁿ iⁿ oⁿ iⁿ iⁿ aiⁿ auⁿ iaⁿ iuⁿ iauⁿ oaⁿ uiⁿ uiⁿ
Kaohsiung aⁿ eⁿ (/ẽ/) eⁿ (/ẽ/) oⁿ eⁿ (/ẽ/) iⁿ aiⁿ auⁿ iaⁿ iuⁿ iauⁿ oaⁿ uiⁿ oaiⁿ
Example 敢 罵 嬰 好 平 邊 買 毛 贏 羊 擽 半 快 關

Checked finals

Xiamen ip ap iap - it ut at iat oat ek ak iak ok iok
Quanzhou ip ap iap - it ut at iat oat iak ak iak ok iok
Zhangzhou ip ap iap op it ut at iat oat ek ak iak ok iok
Taipei ip ap iap op it ut at iat oat ek ak iak ok iok
Kaohsiung ip ap iap op it ut at iat oat ek ak iak ok iok
Example 入 十 廿 橐 必 不 力 熱 法 竹 北 煏 督 玉
Xiamen ah eh eh eh oh o͘h ih uh iah oah oeh uih iuh ioh ioh auh iauh
Quanzhou ah eh eh erh oh o͘h ih uh iah oah oeh uih iuh ioh ioh auh iauh
Zhangzhou ah eh eeh oeh oh o͘h ih uh iah oah eh oeh iuh ioh io͘h auh iauh
Taipei ah eh eh eh oh o͘h ih uh iah oah oeh uih iuh ioh ioh auh iauh
Kaohsiung ah eh eh oeh oh o͘h ih uh iah oah eh oeh iuh ioh ioh auh iauh
Example 拍 伯 白 月 薄 - 覕 托 拆 活 八 血 搐 著 諾 軋 藃
Xiamen mh ngh ahⁿ ehⁿ ohⁿ ihⁿ iahⁿ oehⁿ auhⁿ iauhⁿ oaihⁿ
Quanzhou mh ngh ahⁿ eh ohⁿ ihⁿ iahⁿ oeh auhⁿ iauhⁿ oaihⁿ
Zhangzhou mh ngh ahⁿ eehⁿ ohⁿ ihⁿ iahⁿ eehⁿ auhⁿ iauhⁿ oaihⁿ
Taipei mh ngh ahⁿ ehⁿ ohⁿ ihⁿ iahⁿ ehⁿ auhⁿ iauhⁿ oaihⁿ
Kaohsiung mh ngh ahⁿ ehⁿ ohⁿ ihⁿ iahⁿ ehⁿ auhⁿ iauhⁿ oaihⁿ
Example 噷 哼 凹 脈 膜 𥍉 挔 夾 澩 蟯 𠃛

Tones

First row: original tone

Second row: sandhi

Third row: apparent tone after sandhi

Level Rising Departing Entering
Yin Yang Yin Yang Yin Yang Yin Yang
Tone marks a â á ǎ à ā ap, at, ak ah a̍p, a̍t, a̍k a̍h
Xiamen 44 24 53 - 21 22 32 4
22 22 44 - 53 21 4 53 32 21
ā ā a - á à a̍p, a̍t, a̍k á ap, at, ak à
Quanzhou 33 24 554 22 41 5 24
33 22 24 22 554 22 24 5 22
a ǎ â ǎ á ǎ a̍p, a̍t, a̍k ah ǎp, ǎt, ǎk, ǎ
Zhangzhou 44 13 53 - 21 22 32 121
22 22 44 - 53 21 5 53 21
ā ā a - á à a̋p, a̋t, a̋k á àp, àt, àk, à
Taipei 44 24 53 - 11 33 32 4
33 11 44 - 53 11 4 53 32 11
ā à a - á à a̍p, a̍t, a̍k á ap, at, ak à
Kaohsiung 44 23 41 - 21 33 32 4
33 33 44 - 53 21 4 41 32 21
ā ā a - á à a̍p, a̍t, a̍k á ap, at, ak à
Example 東 同 黨 動 棟 洞 督 毒

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia