User:Kolmiel/Consonant shift

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The following table shows the regular outcomes of Proto-Germanic (or rather West Germanic) obstruents and semivowels, first bold in Modern Standard German, and then underneath in modern Ripuarian, which of all High German dialects is least effected by the consonant shift. An empty box means that the Ripuarian outcome is the same as the standard German above it.

Note that standard German shows a rather great deal of irregularities due to its being a literary compromise language influenced by different dialects. Ripuarian, in turn, shows some irregularities through standard German interference. Note also that the table aims only at outlining the general developments. Combinatory sound changes may be represented in a simplified way.

Geminate Word-initial Post-nasal Post-liquid Post-vocalic
p pf pf pf f f
p p p p p
t ts ts / t1 ts ts s
t
k k k k k x
k
b~β p b zero b b
b~β b v v
d~ð t t d t t
d~ð d d zero d / zero d / ɡ
ɡ~ɣ k ɡ zero ɡ ɡ
ɡ~ɣ ɡ j j j
f f f f f f
f v v v
θ t d d d d
θ zero d / zero d / ɡ
s s z / ʃ2 z z z
s z / ʃ
x x h / zero2 zero / x3 zero / x3 zero / x / k3
x zero zero zero / x
w zero v / zero2 zero b zero
w zero
j zero j zero zero zero
j
  • 1 — Before r.
  • 2 — Before any consonant.
  • 3 — Zero before a vowel; varyingly /x/ or zero in the coda; /x/ before t; /k/ before s.
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