User:Metaknowledge/Swahili copula

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Conjugation of -wa (irregular)
Positive present -nakuwa
Gnomic ni
Subjunctive -we
Negative si
Imperative singular iwe
Infinitives
Positive kuwa
Negative kutokuwa
Imperatives
Singular iwe
Plural iweni
Tensed forms
Habitual huwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -likuwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakuwa/nakuwa tunakuwa
2nd person unakuwa mnakuwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuwa wanakuwa
other classes positive subject concord + -nakuwa
Negative present si
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -takuwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -we)
Singular Plural
1st person niwe tuwe
2nd person uwe muwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) awe wawe
other classes positive subject concord + -we
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuwa
Gnomic ni
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuwa
Consecutive kawa / positive subject concord + -kawa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawe
Object concord
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -li- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -liye -lio
m-mi(III/IV) -lio -liyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilo -liyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -licho -livyo
n(IX/X) -liyo -lizo
u(XI) -lio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -liko
pa(XVI) -lipo
mu(XVIII) -limo
General negative (positive subject concord + -si- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -siye -sio
m-mi(III/IV) -sio -siyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -silo -siyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sicho -sivyo
n(IX/X) -siyo -sizo
u(XI) -sio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -siko
pa(XVI) -sipo
mu(XVIII) -simo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker[sw-conj 1] + relative marker + -kuwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekuwa -okuwa
m-mi(III/IV) -okuwa -yokuwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuwa -yokuwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuwa -vyokuwa
n(IX/X) -yokuwa -zokuwa
u(XI) -okuwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokuwa
pa(XVI) -pokuwa
mu(XVIII) -mokuwa
  1. ^ Only past tense -li- or future tense -taka-. For the present, use general positive.
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.