User:RcAlex36/Zhuang

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Phonology

Standard Zhuang

Initials

IPA Transcription Notes
/p/ b
/pʲ/ by
/ɓ/ mb
/m/ m
/mʲ/ my
/f/ f
/w/ v or /v/
/t/ d
/ɗ/ nd
/n/ n
/θ/ s
/l/ l
/ɕ/ c
/j/ y
/ɲ/ ny
/k/ g
/kʲ/ gy
/kʷ/ gv
/ŋ/ ng
/ŋʷ/ ngv
/ɣ/ r
/ʔ/ /
/h/ h

Finals

a /aː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ u /uː/ w /ɯː/
ai /aːi/ ae /ai/ ei /ei/ oi /oːi/ ui /uːi/ wi /ɯːi/
au /aːu/ aeu /au/ eu /eːu/ iu /iːu/ ou /ou/
aw /aɯ/
am /aːm/ aem /am/ em /eːm/ iem /iːm/ im /im/ om /oːm/ oem /om/ uem /uːm/ um /um/
an /aːn/ aen /an/ en /eːn/ ien /iːn/ in /in/ on /oːn/ oen /on/ uen /uːn/ un /un/ wen /ɯːn/ wn /ɯn/
ang /aːŋ/ aeng /aŋ/ eng /eːŋ/ ieng /iːŋ/ ing /iŋ/ ong /oːŋ/ oeng /oŋ/ ueng /uːŋ/ ung /uŋ/ wng /ɯŋ/
ap /aːp/ aep /ap/ ep /eːp/ iep /iːp/ ip /ip/ op /oːp/ oep /op/ uep /uːp/ up /up/
at /aːt/ aet /at/ et /eːt/ iet /iːt/ it /it/ ot /oːt/ oet /ot/ uet /uːt/ ut /ut/ wet /ɯːt/ wt /ɯt/
ak /aːk/ aek /ak/ ek /eːk/ iek /iːk/ ik /ik/ ok /oːk/ oek /ok/ uek /uːk/ uk /uk/ wk /ɯk/

Tones

Tone Tone value Transcription Corresponding Chinese tone Notes
1 24 陰平
2 21 z 陽平
3 55 j 陰上
4 42 x 陽上
5 35 q 陰去
6 33 h 陽去
7a 55 (p, t, k) 上陰入 short vowel
7b 35 (p, t, k) 下陰入 long vowel
8 33 (b, d, g) 陽入

Wuming dialect

Initials

IPA Transcription Notes
/p/ b
/pl/ by
/ɓ/ mb
/m/ m
/ml/ my
/f/ f
/w/ v or /v/
/ʔw/ v or /ʔv/
/t/ d
/ɗ/ nd
/n/ n
/θ/ s
/l/ l
/ɕ/ c
/j/ y
/k/ g
/kl/ gy
/kʷ/ gv
/ŋ/ ng
/ɣ/ r
/ʔ/ /
/h/ h

Finals

a /aː/ e /eː/ i /iː/ o /oː/ u /uː/ w /ɯː/
ai /aːi/ ae /ai/ oi /oːi/ ui /uːi/ wi /ɯːi/
au /aːu/ aeu /au/ eu /eːu/ iu /iːu/
aw /aɯ/
am /aːm/ aem /am/ em /eːm/ iem /iːm/ im /im/ om /oːm/ oem /om/ uem /uːm/ um /um/
an /aːn/ aen /an/ en /eːn/ ien /iːn/ in /in/ on /oːn/ oen /on/ uen /uːn/ un /un/ wen /ɯːn/ wn /ɯn/
ang /aːŋ/ aeng /aŋ/ eng /eːŋ/ ieng /iːŋ/ ing /iŋ/ ong /oːŋ/ oeng /oŋ/ ueng /uːŋ/ ung /uŋ/ ieng /ɯːŋ/ wng /ɯŋ/
ap /aːp/ aep /ap/ ep /eːp/ iep /iːp/ ip /ip/ op /oːp/ oep /op/ uep /uːp/ up /up/
at /aːt/ aet /at/ et /eːt/ iet /iːt/ it /it/ ot /oːt/ oet /ot/ uet /uːt/ ut /ut/ wet /ɯːt/ wt /ɯt/
ak /aːk/ aek /ak/ ek /eːk/ iek /iːk/ ik /ik/ ok /oːk/ oek /ok/ uek /uːk/ uk /uk/ iek /ɯːk/ wk /ɯk/
Li Fang-Kuei notation
a /a/ e /e/ i /i/ o /ø/ u /u/ w /ɯ/
ai /ai/ ae /ɑi/ ei /oi/ oi /øi/ ui /ui/ wi /ɯi/
au /au/ aeu /ɑu/ eu /eu/ iu /iɑu/ iu /iu/
aw /ɑɯ/
am /am/ aem /ɑm/ em /em/ iem /iɑm/ im /im/ om /øm/ oem /om/ uem /uɑm/ um /um/
an /an/ aen /ɑn/ en /en/ ien /iɑn/ in /in/ on /øn/ oen /on/ uen /uɑn/ un /un/ wen /ɯɑn/ wn /ɯn/
ang /aŋ/ aeng /ɑŋ/ eng /eŋ/ ieng /iɑŋ/ ing /iŋ/ ong /øŋ/ oeng /oŋ/ ueng /uɑŋ/ ung /uŋ/ ieng /ɯɑŋ/ wng /ɯŋ/
ap /ap/ aep /ɑp/ ep /ep/ iep /iɑp/ ip /ip/ op /øp/ oep /op/ up /up/
at /at/ aet /ɑt/ et /et/ iet /iɑt/ it /it/ ot /øt/ oet /ot/ uet /uɑt/ ut /ut/ wet /ɯɑt/ wt /ɯt/
ak /ak/ aek /ɑk/ ek /ek/ iek /iɑk/ ik /ik/ ok /øk/ oek /ok/ uek /uɑk/ uk /uk/ iek /ɯɑk/ wk /ɯk/

Tones

Tone Tone value Transcription Corresponding Chinese tone Notes
1 24 陰平
2 21 z 陽平
3 55 j 陰上
4 42 x 陽上
5 35 q 陰去
6 33 h 陽去
7a 55 (p, t, k) 上陰入 short vowel
7b 35 (p, t, k) 下陰入 long vowel
55 (p, t, k) long vowel (Chinese loans)
8 33 (b, d, g) 陽入 long vowel
42 (b, d, g) long vowel (Chinese loans)

Longzhou dialect

Initials

IPA Transcription Notes
/p/ b
/pʲ/ by
/pʰ/ p
/pʰʲ/ py
/ɓ/ mb
/ɓʲ/ mby
/m/ m
/mʲ/ my
/f/ f
/w/ v
/t/ d
/tʲ/ dy Chinese loanwords only
/tʰ/ t
/tʰʲ/ ty Chinese loanwords only
/ɗ/ nd
/n/ n
/ɬ/ lh
/ɬʲ/ lhy Chinese loanwords only
/l/ l
/lʲ/ ly Chinese loanwords only
/ts/ z
/s/ s
/ɲ/ ny
/j/ y
/k/ g
/kʲ/ gy
/kʷ/ gv
/kʰ/ k
/kʰʲ/ ky
/kʰʷ/ kv
/ŋ/ ng
/ŋʷ/ ngv
/ʔ/ /
/h/ h
/hʲ/ hy Chinese loanwords only

Finals

Tones

Tone Tone value Transcription Corresponding Chinese tone Notes
Zhang et al. (1999) Li et al. (2006)
1 33 44 陰平
2 21 42 z 陽平
3 24 35 j 陰上
4 32 42 x 陽上
5 55 354 q 陰去
6 11 31 h 陽去
7 55 35 陰入 short or long vowel
8 11 31 陽入 short or long vowel
10 32 (31) 陽入 short vowel
32 (31) 陽入 long vowel (Chinese loans only?)

Note: Tone 8 and Tone 10 do not appear to be phonemically contrastive (Li et al., 2006) and should be considered one single phonemic tone.

References

  • 广西区语委研究室 (1994). 壮语方言土语音系. 广西民族出版社.
  • 张均如, 梁敏, 欧阳觉亚, 郑贻青, 李旭练, 谢建猷. (1999). 壮语方言研究. Chengdu: 四川民族出版社.
  • 中央学院少数民族语言研究所第五研究室 (1985). 壮侗语族语言词汇集. Beijing: 中央民族学院出版社.
  • Li, Hongyan; Lan, Qingyuan; Kong Jiangping. (2006). 壮语龙州话声调的声学分析 (A Phonetic Study on Tones in Longzhou Speech). 民族语文 (Minority Languages of China): 6, 39-46.