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User:Thadh/Proto-Permic. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
User:Thadh/Proto-Permic, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
User:Thadh/Proto-Permic in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Vowels
Inventory
|
Front |
Central |
Back
|
| unrounded |
rounded |
unrounded |
rounded |
unrounded |
rounded
|
| Close
|
i /i/ i |
|
i̮ /ɨ/ y |
u̇ /ʉ/ u̇ |
|
u /u/ u
|
| Close-Mid
|
ḙ /e/ e |
ö̭ /ø/ ö |
|
ȯ̭ /ɵ/ ȯ |
|
o̭ /o/ o
|
| Mid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Open-Mid
|
e /ɛ/ ɛ |
ö /œ/ ɔ̈ |
|
ȯ /ɞ/ ɔ̇ |
|
o /ɔ/ ɔ
|
| Open
|
ɛ /æ/ ä |
|
|
|
a /ɑ/ a |
å /ɒ/ å
|
- With blue are given the vowels only present in Lytkin (1964)'s reconstruction
- With green are given the vowels only present in Lytkin (1970)'s reconstruction
- With red are given the vowels only present in Csúcs (2005)'s reconstruction
- All notations are given in UPA (left), IPA (middle) and the proposed orthography to be handled on Wiktionary (right)
Correspondencies
This table fully follows Lytkin (1964/1970):
| PP |
OK |
KZ |
KP |
KY |
Udm |
notes
|
| *a |
(*)a |
а |
а |
a |
а |
|
| *å |
(*)a |
а |
а |
a |
у |
PP *a in Lytkin (1964)
|
| *ä |
(*)ɛ |
ӧ |
ӧ |
ө |
е |
|
| *ɔ |
(*)ɔ |
о |
о |
о |
у / а |
|
| *o |
(*)o |
о |
о |
у |
у / ва / а |
|
| *ɛ |
(*)e |
е |
е |
е |
о / е |
|
| *e |
(*)e |
е |
е |
i |
о / е |
|
| *ɔ̇ |
(*)ɛ |
ӧ |
ӧ |
ӧ |
о / а |
|
| *ȯ |
(*)ɛ / (*)o |
ӧ / о |
ӧ / о |
ы |
ӧ / ы / у |
|
| *ɔ̈ |
(*)ɛ / (*)u |
ӧ / у |
ӧ / у |
ӧ / у |
ӧ / а / у / е |
|
| *ö |
(*)o |
о |
о |
ӱ |
у / е |
|
| *u̇ |
(*)y |
ы |
ы |
ө |
ы / у |
|
| *i |
(*)i |
и |
и |
и |
и |
|
| *u |
(*)u |
у |
у |
у |
у / ы |
|
| *ü |
(*)u |
у |
у |
у |
у / ы |
different realisations in
dialectal Udmurt
|
Consonants
Inventory
|
labial |
labiodental |
dental |
alveolar |
palatal |
palatovelar
|
| Stop |
voiceless
|
p /p/ |
|
t /t/ |
|
ť /c/ |
k /k/
|
| voiced
|
b /b/ |
|
d /d/ |
|
ď /ɟ/ |
g /ɡ/
|
| Fricative |
voiceless
|
|
|
s /s/ |
š /ʃ/ |
ś /ɕ/ |
|
| voiced
|
w /w/ |
v /v/ |
z /z/ |
ž /ʒ/ |
ź /ʑ/ |
j /j/
|
| Affricate |
voiceless
|
|
|
|
č /t͡ʃ/ |
č́ /t͡ɕ/ |
|
| voiced
|
|
|
|
ǯ /d͡ʒ/ |
ǯ́ /d͡ʑ/ |
|
| Nasal
|
m /m/ |
|
n /n/ |
|
ń /ɲ/ |
ŋ /ŋ/
|
| Lateral
|
|
|
l /l/ |
|
ľ /ʎ/ |
|
| Trill
|
|
|
r /r/ |
|
|
|
Proposed modifications
- Change <č́> to <ć>
- Change <ǯ́> to <ʒ́>