| Proto-Uralic | Proto-Ugric? | Hungarian | example | Proto-Mansi | †South | North | Proto-Khanty | Vasyugan | Kazym |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *p | f- -v- |
fazék téved |
*p | p | *p | p- -w- |
p | ||
| *t | t- -z- |
tél fazék |
*t | t, ť 4 | t | *t | t | ||
| *k- | *- 1 | k- | kéz | *- *kʷ- |
k kʷ |
*- | k | ||
| *- 2 | h- | hal | *- | q | χ | *- | q | χ | |
| *-k- | *-ɣ- | ∅, -v- | néz | *-ɣ-, *-w- | -w- | -ɣ-, -w- | *-ɣ- | -ɣ- | -χ-, -w- |
| *-x- | tó | ||||||||
| *č | s | kés | *š | ʃ | s | *č̣ | ʈʂ | ʃ | |
| *ć | cs | csillog | *ć | tɕ |
ɕ | *ć | ť 4 | ɕ | |
| *s | ? *s / *θ / *ɬ (= *s₁) |
∅ | ín | *t | t, ť 4 | t | *ɬ | j- -l- |
ɬ |
| *š | egér | ||||||||
| *ś | ? *ś / *s (= *s₂) |
sz | szárad | *s | s | *s | s | ||
| (*š́) 3 | *š? | szëm | *š | ʃ | s | ||||
| *m | m, v | mell | *m | m | *m | m | |||
| *n | n | név | *n | n, ń 4 | n | *n | n | ||
| (*ṇ) 3 | ny | könyök | *ɳ | ɳ | |||||
| *ń | ny | nyíl | *ń | ń 4 | *ń | ń 4 | |||
| *ŋ | *ŋ | j, v | avat | *ŋ, *w | ŋ, w | *ŋ | ŋ | ||
| *ŋk | g | jég | *ŋk | ŋ, ŋk | ŋk, ŋχ | *ŋk | ŋk, ŋq | ŋk, ŋχ | |
| *r | r | rëpül | *r | r | *r | r | |||
| *l | l, ly | lágy | *l | l, ľ 4 | l | *l, *ɭ | l, ɭ | ɬ, ɭ | |
| *d | ? *ð / *ɬ | l | fal | *ɬ | l | ɬ | |||
| (*ľ) 3 | ly | hályog | *ľ | ľ4 | *ľ | ľ 4 | ɬ´4 | ||
| *ď | ? *ðʲ / *lʲ / *ɬʲ | j, gy | hagy | *j | j | ||||
| *j | j | jut | *j | j | *j | j | |||
| *w | v | vaj | *w | w | *w- *-ɣ- |
w- | |||
Notes
| Proto-Uralic | Proto-Ugric? | Hungarian | example | Proto-Mansi | Proto-Khanty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *pp | p | apa | *p | *p | |
| *tt | t | öt | *t | *t | |
| *kk | k | fék | *, * *kʷ |
*, * | |
| *čč | *čč? | ? | *š | *č̣ | |
| *ćć | *ćć? | ? | *ć | *ć | |
| *mp | b | hab | *mp | *mp | |
| *nt | d | had | *nt | *nt | |
| *ŋk | g | hág | *ŋk | *ŋk | |
| *nč | r | köröm | *nč | *ɳč̣ | |
| *ńć | gy, ngy | húgy | *ńć | *ńć, *s | |
| ? *lt | lt | táltos | *lt | *lt | |
| ? *rt | rt | dial. mart | *rt | *rt | |
| Proto-Uralic | Proto-Ugric? | Hungarian | example | Proto-Mansi | Proto-Khanty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *pt | t | hét | *t | *pət | |
| *kt | ? *kt / *ɣt | t | jut | *kt | *ɣət |
| *mt | d | tud | *nt | *nt, *mət | |
| *ŋt | ld | oldal | *ńt, *wt | *ŋət | |
| *tk | ? *tk / *kt / *ɣt | t | tat | *t, *kt | *ɣət |
| *čk | sk | esküszik | *-šəɣ, *-šɣ- | *čək | |
| *sk, *šk | ? *s₁k / *ks₁ / *ɣs₁ | ? | (*soske-) | *ɣt, *wt, *jt | *ɣəɬ |
| *śk | ? *s₂k / *ks₂ / *ɣs₂ | s | vas | *s, *š | ? *ɣ |
| *dk, *ďk | ? *d₂ / *d₂ɣ / *ɣd₂ | gy, lgy | tőgy hölgy |
*ľ | *j |
| *lk | ? *lɣ / *ɣl | l, ll | mell | *ɣl, *wl | *ɣəl |
| *rk | *rɣ | r, rr | varr | *-rəɣ, *-rɣ- | *rəɣ |
| *ps | *ps₁ | ? | (*küpsɜ) | *t | *pəɬ |
| *pś | *ps₂ | ? | (*sopśe) | *s | *pəs |
| *ks, *kš | ? *ks₁ / *ɣs₁ | ∅, h | máj méh |
*ɣt, *wt, *jt | *ɣəɬ, ? ɣ |
| *kś | ? *ks₂ / *ɣs₂ | sz | ősz | *ks, *ɣs, *ws | *ɣəs |
| *ws | ? *ws₁ / *ɣs₁ | ? | (*kowse) | *wt | *ɬ |
| *lj | ? *lj / *ľ | gy, ly, l | négy | *ľ | *l |
| *lw | ? *lw / *lɣ / *l | l | tél | *l | *l(əɣ) |
The following table gives Proto-Ugric reconstructions according to the most distinctive system available (by Sammallahti).
| Proto-Uralic | Proto-Ugric? | Hungarian | example | Proto-Mansi | †South | North | Proto-Khanty | Vasyugan | Kazym |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *a-a | ? *a-a ? *o-a |
a | fazék | *uu | oː | uː | * | ||
| *a-ə | * | a o(lT) |
hal holt |
* | *oo *a |
o(ː) ʌ |
ɵː o | ||
| *o-a | ? *a-a ? *o-a |
á | ház | *aa | ɑː | ɔː | *aa | ɑ(ː) | ɔː |
| *o-ə | * | u ú |
* | * | |||||
| *ë-a | *ë-a | a á o(lT) |
al- máj nyolc |
*e̮e̮ | ʌː, eːĆ | aː | *i̮i̮ | ɯ(ː) | i, eːŋχ |
| *ë-ə | *ë-ə | i í |
nyíl |
*aa | (as above) | ||||
| *ä-V | *ä-V | e é |
*ää | æː | aː | *ee | e(ː) | eː | |
| – | ? *ä-∅ | ë |
ëb |
*ää | æ(ː) | aː | |||
| *e-ä | * | é | fészek | * | * | ||||
| *e-ə | * | *i | æ, i | i | *e | ɪ | a, iĆ | ||
| *u-a | *ʊ-a | †u > o | *a(Cʷ) | ɑ, o | o | *oo *o |
o(ː) ʊ |
ɵː a, oCʷ | |
| *ü-ä | *ʏ-ä | †ü > ö | *ä *äCʷ |
æ üCʷ |
a oCʷ |
*ö | ʏ | a uCʷ | |
| *i-ä | *ɪ-ä | †i > ë | fëlleg |
*ä | æ, iĆ | a | *ee *e |
e(ː) ɪ |
eː a |
| * | * | * | * | ||||||