Words ending in -oīdēs: how do they inflect? androides, monoides
Third-declension one-termination adjective (Greek-type).
1It is unknown whether Classical Latin preserved (or would have preserved) the shortness of the original Greek short ending.
2It is unknown whether adjectives of this type would use i-stem or consonant-stem endings in Classical Latin: the relevant forms are not attested. Depending on the word, either ending or both may be attested in New Latin.
Found in New Latin (Google Books): sesamoidum, daphnoidum, ceratoidum, chorioidum, arachnoidum, crystalloidum, pterygoidum
myoidum, sinusoidum, ellipsoidum
Hmm. It's difficult to tell whether "Arachnoidia" as a neuter plural would be a form of this, or a misspelled variant of second-declension "Arachnoidea". I guess you'd need to see the same word used in multiple forms in the same source.
In Greek, the non-neuter singular ends in -ής, -οῦς, -εῖ, -ῆ, -ές.
The Greek plural ends in -εῖς, -ῶν, -έσῐ(ν), -εῖς, -εῖς.
The Greek neuter ends in -ές and -ῆ, corresponding to Latin -es and -ē/-a?
PHI: some are used in Greek spelling, unadapted.
Some are used in Latin in Celsus and Pliny.
Old words in Pliny: sesamoides, daphnoides, ocimoides, cynoides, ascyroides, corsoides (not in CorCor in other cases)
New Latin has -oideus: is this an adjective or a noun ending?
Cassius Felix in CorCor:
V., quarum prima est palpebra que grece bleferon appellatur, nam ipsius oculi proprie prima tunica cerotoides appellatur, secunda rogoidis, tercia menoidis, quarta cristalloidis, aliter secunda croidis, tercia onoroides, quarta discoides, quinta cristalloydes.
New Latin: Newton uses Cycloidibus. Other forms (not all from Newton):
vicinum huic genus est, sed pallidius et a quibusdam proprii generis existimatum vocatumque chrysoprasum. Quarto loco numerantur hyacinthizontes, quinto quos aëroidis vocant,
A variety closely akin to these, but still a little paler and by some regarded as a special kind is the so-called ‘chrysoprasus.’ Fourth in order are reckoned the ‘hyacinthizontes,’ or ‘sapphire-blue beryls,’ and fifth the so-called ‘aëroides,’ or ‘sky-blue’ variety.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina 7.7.13a.7, 7.7.13b.3, 7.7.13b.8, 7.7.13c.2, 7.7.13c.7
Is igitur summas habet duas tunicas, ex quibus superior a Graecis ceratoides uocatur.
... circa tenuis, ulterioribus partibus ipsa quoque plenior, quae chorioides a Graecis nominatur. ...deinde infra rursus tenuissima tunica, quam Herophilus arachnoidem nominauit. Ea media subsidit * * * eoque cauo continet quiddam, quod a uitri similitudine hyaloides Graeci uocant. Id neque liquidum neque aridum est, sed quasi concretus umor, ex cuius colore pupillae his gutta umoris est, oui albo similis, a qua uidendi facultas proficiscitur: crystalloides a Graecis nominatur.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina 7.18.2.1 Haec autem tunica conteguntur tenui, neruosa, sine sanguine, alba, quae elytroides a Graecis nominatur.
Pliny: Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 15.132.2 id quoque quod daphnoides vocatur genus in nominum ambitu est
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 20.72.2 Est et beta silvestris quam limonium vocant, alii neuroidem, multum minoribus foliis tenuioribusque ac densioribus; undecim saepe cauli uni.
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 22.133.1, 22.133.4 sesamoides a similitudine nomen accepit, grano amaro, folio minore. nascitur in glareosis. detrahit bilem in aqua potum semen, inlinitur igni sacro, discutit panos. est etiamnum aliud sesamoides, Anticyrae nascens,
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 23.158.5 eodem modo pota daphnoides sive iis nominibus, quae diximus, silvestris laurus prodest, alvum solvit vel recenti folio vel arido
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 24.137.2 Clinopodium alii cleopiceton, alii zopyrontion, alii ocimoides appellant
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 25.140.1 Psyllion alii cynoides, alii crystallion
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 26.71.1 Septimum dendroides cognominant, alii cobion, alii leptophyllon, in petris nascens, co-
Ascyron et ascyroides similia sunt inter se et hyperico, sed maiores habet ramos quod ascyroides vocatur
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 37.77.4 catumque chrysoprasum. quarto loco numerantur hyacinthizontes, quinto quos aëroidis vocant
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 37.109.3 bastrum oppidum nasci dicunt et duo genera eius faciunt, prasoides atque chrysopteron, simile chrysopraso
Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 37.153.5 Ceritis cerae similis est, circos accipitri, corsoides canitiae capitis, corallachates curalio, aureis guttis distincta, corallis minio; gignitur in
dāphnŏīdes, ae, f., = δαφνοειδής (laurel-like).
dī̆plŏïs is not this: Récta amussim em uíde diploidi ut récta grassatúr uia.
Mīnōis, ĭdis is not this. (e.g. ferox Theseus, qualem Minoidi luctum)
Genitive plural in -oīdum:
Compare also: pyogenes, helcogenes, primigenes.
See Talk:monoides: "Neuter nominative or accusative plural I didn't find, except from New Latin "Arachnoida" which could be a noun. "Sphaeroidum" (Isaac Newton, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica) could be a noun too. For isosceles one can find "triangula isoscelia" (maybe also by Euler in New Latin), "triangulorum isoscelium", and also "in eodem triangulo isoscele". There are also a few results for "triangula isoscela" (e.g. by Joannis Keill, 18th century), but one of these results also has "triangula isoscelia" and by the number of results it looks like "isoscela" is an error. So it still looks like the ablative is -e, while the genitive plural could be -ium. That is, it would not be consonant declension (abl. -e, gen. -um, like pauper, vetus) and not i-declension (abl. -i, gen. -ium, like acer, gravis, felix), but mixed declension (abl. -e, gen. -ium)."
From Logeion:
nouns:
adjectives:
Genitive singular "ossis hyœidos": https://www.google.com/books/edition/Marcelli_Malpighii_Opera_omnia/5D1FAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22hyoidos%22&pg=RA6-PA132&printsec=frontcover, "os hyoidos": https://www.google.com/books/edition/Vivae_imagines_partium_corporis_humani/6w5BAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22hyoidos%22&pg=PT3&printsec=frontcover, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Danielis_Sennerti_Vratislaviensis_Opera/1Ld7UZuEYnoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22hyoidos%22&pg=PA400&printsec=frontcover
Also used as nominiative? "crystalloidos humor": https://www.google.com/books/edition/Narcissus_and_the_Invention_of_Personal/08JgCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22crystalloidos%22&pg=PT100&printsec=frontcover, https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iacobi_Foroliuiensis_Medici_Singularis_e/zT9bAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22crystalloidos%22&pg=PA21-IA1&printsec=frontcover
Greek non-neuter singular: -ής, -οῦς, -εῖ, -ῆ, __, -ές -> -ēs, -ūs, -ei/-ī, -ē?, __,-es?
Greek non-neuter plural: -εῖς, -ῶν, -έσῐ(ν), -εῖς, __, -εῖς -> -eis/-īs, -on/-um, __, -eis/-īs, __, -eis/-īs
Greek neuter: -ές and -ῆ, corresponding to Latin -es and -ē/-a?
PHI: some are used in Greek spelling, unadapted.
Third-declension one-termination adjective (Greek-type).
1It is unknown whether Classical Latin preserved (or would have preserved) the shortness of the original Greek short ending.
2It is unknown whether adjectives of this type would use i-stem or consonant-stem endings in Classical Latin: the relevant forms are not attested. Depending on the word, either ending or both may be attested in New Latin.
Neuter plurals: ossa, ligamenta?
Words ending in -oīdēs: how do they inflect? androides, monoides
rhomboides, phācŏīdēs, sarcoides, discŏï̄des, rhythmŏīdes
triplex est, quia aut est chelintoydos aut chalatoidos aut conoidos. ‥ chalatoidos est forma que ab acuta parte incipit et crescit in latum; ‥ et dicitur hujusmodi umbra chalatoidos a chalatus, chalati et idos, quod est ‘forma’ ‥ ad modum chalati Comm. Sph. 18 p. 338; necesse est umbram esse ‥ curte pyramidis infinite secundum longitudinem, quam figuram calatoides appellant Peckham Persp. I 24.
See also Vicipaedia Asteroides
rhagoides, Ceratoides
Neuter plurals?
Compare: ossis hyoidis
Examples with -oida (not fully Latin texts):
os sesamoideum: "ossa sesamoidia" seems very rare compared to "ossa sesamoidea".
no hits for "ossa scaphoida", "ossa scaphoidia". Hits for "Ossa scaphoidea".
sphenoida (no hits for sphenoidia):
Found in New Latin (Google Books): sesamoidum, daphnoidum, ceratoidum, chorioidum, arachnoidum, crystalloidum, pterygoidum
myoidum, sinusoidum, ellipsoidum
Hmm. It's difficult to tell whether "Arachnoidia" as a neuter plural would be a form of this, or a misspelled variant of second-declension "Arachnoidea". I guess you'd need to see the same word used in multiple forms in the same source.
New Latin has -oideus: is this an adjective or a noun ending?
Google books crystalloides:
Some are used in Latin in Celsus and Pliny.
Attested endings:
Unattested endings:
Attested but not in same use:
Old words in Pliny: sesamoides, daphnoides, ocimoides, cynoides, ascyroides, corsoides (not in CorCor in other cases)
Cassius Felix in CorCor:
V., quarum prima est palpebra que grece bleferon appellatur, nam ipsius oculi proprie prima tunica cerotoides appellatur, secunda rogoidis, tercia menoidis, quarta cristalloidis, aliter secunda croidis, tercia onoroides, quarta discoides, quinta cristalloydes.
New Latin: Newton uses Cycloidibus. Other forms (not all from Newton):
vicinum huic genus est, sed pallidius et a quibusdam proprii generis existimatum vocatumque chrysoprasum. Quarto loco numerantur hyacinthizontes, quinto quos aëroidis vocant,
A variety closely akin to these, but still a little paler and by some regarded as a special kind is the so-called ‘chrysoprasus.’ Fourth in order are reckoned the ‘hyacinthizontes,’ or ‘sapphire-blue beryls,’ and fifth the so-called ‘aëroides,’ or ‘sky-blue’ variety.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina 7.7.13a.7, 7.7.13b.3, 7.7.13b.8, 7.7.13c.2, 7.7.13c.7
Is igitur summas habet duas tunicas, ex quibus superior a Graecis ceratoides uocatur.
... circa tenuis, ulterioribus partibus ipsa quoque plenior, quae chorioides a Graecis nominatur. ...deinde infra rursus tenuissima tunica, quam Herophilus arachnoidem nominauit. Ea media subsidit * * * eoque cauo continet quiddam, quod a uitri similitudine hyaloides Graeci uocant. Id neque liquidum neque aridum est, sed quasi concretus umor, ex cuius colore pupillae his gutta umoris est, oui albo similis, a qua uidendi facultas proficiscitur: crystalloides a Graecis nominatur.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina 7.18.2.1 Haec autem tunica conteguntur tenui, neruosa, sine sanguine, alba, quae elytroides a Graecis nominatur.
Pliny:
Ascyron et ascyroides similia sunt inter se et hyperico, sed maiores habet ramos quod ascyroides vocatur
curalio, aureis guttis distincta, corallis minio; gignitur
dāphnŏīdes, ae, f., = δαφνοειδής (laurel-like).
dī̆plŏïs is not this: Récta amussim em uíde diploidi ut récta grassatúr uia.
Mīnōis, ĭdis is not this. (e.g. ferox Theseus, qualem Minoidi luctum)
Genitive plural in -oīdum: