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User:Xenos melophilos/Khalaj alphabet. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
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These alphabets are based on Azerbaijani orthography, and Ali Asgar Cemrâsî's scripts[1][2]
Correspondence
Khalaj vowel graphemes - phonemes
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| unrounded
|
rounded
|
unrounded
|
rounded
|
unrounded
|
rounded
|
| Close
|
i /i/
|
y /y/
|
ı (/ɨ/)
|
|
|
u /u/
|
| Mid
|
e /e/
|
ö /ø/
|
|
|
|
o /o/
|
| Open
|
ə /æ/
|
|
a /a/
|
|
|
|
Khalaj consonant phonemes
|
|
Labial
|
Dental
|
Post-alveolar
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Uvular
|
Glottal
|
| Nasal
|
m /m/
|
n /n/
|
|
ñ /ɲ/
|
|
|
|
| Stop/Affricate
|
voiceless
|
p /p/
|
t /t/
|
ç /t͡ʃ/
|
|
k /k/
|
q /q/
|
|
| voiced
|
b /b/
|
d /d/
|
c /d͡ʒ/
|
|
g /ɡ/
|
|
|
| Fricative
|
voiceless
|
f /f/
|
s /s/
|
ş /ʃ/
|
|
|
x /χ/
|
h /h/
|
| voiced
|
v /v/
|
z /z/
|
j /ʒ/
|
|
|
ğ /ʁ/
|
|
| Approximant
|
|
l /l/
|
|
y /j/
|
|
|
|
| Rhotic
|
|
r /ɾ/
|
|
|
|
|
|
Khalaj latin orthography
| Khalaj latin alphabet
|
| Upper case
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
Ç
|
D
|
E
|
Ə
|
F
|
G
|
Ğ
|
H
|
X
|
I
|
İ
|
J
|
K
|
Q
|
L
|
M
|
N
|
Ñ
|
O
|
Ö
|
P
|
R
|
S
|
Ş
|
T
|
U
|
Ü
|
V
|
Y
|
Z
|
| Lower case
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
ç
|
d
|
e
|
ə
|
f
|
g
|
ğ
|
h
|
x
|
ı
|
i
|
j
|
k
|
q
|
l
|
m
|
n
|
ñ
|
o
|
ö
|
p
|
r
|
s
|
ş
|
t
|
u
|
ü
|
v
|
y
|
z
|
| IPA
|
/a/
|
/b/
|
/d͡ʒ/
|
/t͡ʃ/
|
/d/
|
/e/
|
/æ/
|
/f/
|
/ɡ/
|
/ʁ/
|
/h/
|
/χ/
|
(/ɨ/)
|
/i/
|
/ʒ/
|
/k/
|
/q/
|
/l/
|
/m/
|
/n/
|
/ɲ/
|
/o/
|
/ø/
|
/p/
|
/r/
|
/s/
|
/ʃ/
|
/t/
|
/u/
|
/y/
|
/v/
|
/j/
|
/z/
|
- ⟨ı⟩ actually stands for not only /ɨ/, but also /i/, /u/ and /y/, since these vowels alternate a lot.
- ⟨ñ⟩ actually represents lot of allophones like and .
- Long forms of a, e, ə, i, o, ö, u and ü are written with circumflex: â, ê, ə̂, î, ô, ö̂, û, ü̂.
- For the long form of /ɨ/, ⟨ı⟩ is duplicated: "ıı". Even if it's pronounced as it should be written as "ıı" because of the front or back vowels before and after it (vowel harmony).
- The only falling diphthongs that are allowed are those composed by 1 close vowel and 1 mid vowel next, for example îe , ü̂ö ûo .
- Rising diphthongs don't have an special representation: the long vowels stand for them.
Khalaj arabic orthography
| Khalaj Perso-Arabic alphabet
|
| Arabic
|
آ
|
ا
|
ب
|
پ
|
ت
|
ث
|
ج
|
چ
|
ح
|
خ
|
د
|
ذ
|
ر
|
ز
|
ژ
|
س
|
ش
|
ص
|
ض
|
ط
|
ظ
|
ع
|
غ
|
ف
|
ق
|
ک
|
گ
|
ڲ
|
ل
|
م
|
ن
|
ݧ
|
و
|
ؤ
|
وُ
|
وْ
|
ۆ
|
ه
|
ی
|
ئ
|
ؽ
|
| IPA
|
/aː-/
|
/a/, /-aː(-)/
|
/b/
|
/p/
|
/t/
|
/s/
|
/dʒ/
|
/tʃ/
|
/h/
|
/χ/
|
/d/
|
/z/
|
/ɾ/
|
/z/
|
/ʒ/
|
/s/
|
/ʃ/
|
/s/
|
/z/
|
/t/
|
/z/
|
~
|
/ʁ/
|
/f/
|
/q/
|
/k/
|
/ɡ/
|
/-ʝ(-)/
|
/l/
|
/m/
|
/n/
|
/ɲ/
|
/v/
|
/ø/
|
/u/
|
/o/
|
/y/
|
/h/, /æ/
|
/i/, /j/
|
/e/
|
(/ɨ/)
|
- ⟨ؽ⟩ actually stands for not only /ɨ/, but also /i/, /u/ and /y/, since these vowels alternate a lot.
- ⟨ݧ⟩ actually represents allophones like and .
- ⟨ڲ⟩ actually represents allophones like and .
- ف ,ع ,ظ ,ط, ض ,ص ,ژ ,ذ ,خ ,ح ,ث are only used for Persian, Azeri and Arabic loanwords
- ؽ ,ئ ,ی ,ۆ ,وْ ,وُ ,ؤ not only represent short vowels, but long ones.
- If ha' represents /æ/, it must be written in final position in auslaut. If /æ/ is long, ha' is the only letter that represents it.
- If a native word begins with a vowel other than ⟨a⟩ or ⟨ə⟩, the representing letter must be anticipated by alif.
- Diphthongs are constructed in the same way as in the latin script, with rising diphthongs not being specially represented.
- Loanwords borrowed from languages that use Arabic script (for example Persian, Arabic and Azeri) should conserve the original written form, even if it doesn't match with Khalaj orthography.
Short vowels (harakat)
| Khalaj |
IPA
|
| ◌َ |
/a/, /æ/
|
| ◌ِ |
/i/ ~ /ɨ/
|
| ◌ُ |
/u/, /y/, /o/, /ø/
|
- Fatha stands for /æ/ in anlaut and inlaut.
- Fatha stands for /a/ only above of alif at the beginning of a word.
- Harakat is used mainly in Persian and Arabic loanwords. It's also used to avoid confusion.
Shaddah
| Khalaj |
Function
|
| ◌ّ |
Consonant duplication
|
- Shaddah is used only with Arabic loanwords. For native ones, the consonant is duplicated.
References