Wiktionary:About Arabic/Egyptian

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Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Egyptian Arabic, based on the Cairene standard. This is intended for input to a module that will produce IPA.

Letter Romanization IPA Notes
ا Used as a silent carrier for short vowels in initial position, and ā elsewhere. For the pronunciation of these vowels, see the bottom of the chart.
ب b b Romanized as ḅ when used to write the marginal emphatic form that surfaces as but triggers emphasis spreading.
پ p p A marginal phoneme only found in borrowings, often pronounced as and written as ب.
ت t t
ث s s Respelled with ت when an inherited pronunciation of is used.
ج g ɡ, except in a few loanwords: ʒ چ can be substituted for the pronunciation as ʒ.
چ ž ʒ A marginal phoneme only found in borrowings, often pronounced as and written as ش. An alternative input is j.
ح ḥ ħ
خ ḵ x
د d d
ذ z z Respelled with د when an inherited pronunciation of is used.
ر r ɾ Romanized as ṛ when used to write the marginal emphatic form that surfaces as but triggers emphasis spreading.
ز z z
س s s
ش š ʃ
ص ṣ sˁ Emphatic consonant.
ض ḍ dˁ Emphatic consonant.
ط ṭ tˁ Emphatic consonant.
ظ ẓ zˁ Emphatic consonant.
ع ʕ ʕ
غ ḡ ɣ
ف f f, unless in a few loanwords: v Or v in borrowings which use this character as a substitute for ڤ.
ڤ v v A marginal phoneme only found in borrowings, often pronounced as and written as ف.
ق ʔ or q ʔ or q Unpredictable; must be specified. When pronounced as , it is an emphatic consonant.
ك k k
ل l l Romanized as ḷ when used to write the marginal emphatic form that surfaces as but triggers emphasis spreading.
م m m Romanized as ṃ when used to write the marginal emphatic form that surfaces as but triggers emphasis spreading.
ن n n
ه h h
و w ū o ō w u(ː) o(ː)
ي y ī e ē j i(ː) e(ː)
ى ā ī a i Only used in final position. The use for is the norm in the Nile Valley, but is spelled as ي in other regions.
ء ʔ ʔ Only pronounced as a glottal stop.
ة a at et Normally, use -a, but use -at, -et in the construct state.
اه āh
Diacritics
ـَ a a Realized as in normal environments, but as when subject to emphasis spreading. Diacritics are normally not used.
ا ā aː Realized as in normal environments, but as when subject to emphasis spreading. Shortened in unstressed syllables.
ـُ u o u o Diacritics are normally not used.
ـِ i e i e Often realised as . Diacritics are normally not used.
ـو aw or ō aw or oː oː is shortened to in unstressed syllables.
ـُو ū uː Diacritics are normally not used.
ـی ay or ē aj or eː eː is shortened to in unstressed syllables.
ـِی ī i Diacritics are normally not used.

References

  • Daniel Pipes (1983), An Arabist's Guide to Egyptian Colloquial.
  • Hinds, Martin, Badawi, El-Said (1986) A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic‎, Beirut: Librairie du Liban
  • Janet Watson (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic. Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Other Resources

  • Jane Wightwick, Mahmoud Gaafar (1986), Colloquial Arabic of Egypt.
  • Richard Jasch (1999), Arabic-English/English-Arabic Concise (Romanized) Dictionary for the Spoken Arabic of Egypt and Syria (Hippocrene Concise Dictionary).
  • Living Language (2006), Ultimate Arabic - Beginner-Intermediate (5 lessons dedicated to Egyptian Arabic)
  • Lonely Planet (various editions), Egyptian Arabic Phrasebook & Dictionary
  • Barron's (various editions), Arabic at a Glance - Phrasebook & Dictionary for travellers (based on colloquial Egyptian).
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