Wiktionary:About Hamer-Banna

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Hamer-Banna belongs to the South Omotic branch of the Afroasiatic language family.

On Wiktionary, the orthography (and hence also the analysis) follows .

Orthography

Here we list all the glyphs (i.e. letters) that are used in this orthography.

Majuscule A Á Â B Ɓ C Cʼ D Ɗ E É Ê Ɛ Ɛ́ Ɛ̂ G Ɠ H I Í Î J K L
Minuscule a á â b ɓ c cʼ d ɗ e é ê ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ g ɠ h i í î j k l
Majuscule M N Ɲ O Ó Ô Ɔ Ɔ́ Ɔ̂ P Q R S T Tʼ U Ú Û W X Y Z ʔ
Minuscule m n ɲ o ó ô ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ p q r s t tʼ u ú û w x y z ʔ

Note that some letters cannot occur at the beginning of a word, but the majuscule version is still listed.

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar / Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal /m/
m 		/n/
n 		/ɲ/
ɲ
Plosive /p/, /b/
p, b 		/t/, /d/
t, d 		/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/
c, j 		/k/, /ɡ/
k, g 		/q/
q 		/ʔ/
ʔ
Implosive /ɓ/
ɓ 		/ɗ/
ɗ 		/ɠ/
ɠ
Ejective /tʼ/
tʼ 		/t͡ʃʼ/
cʼ
Fricative /s/, /z/
s, z 		/ʃ/
sh 		/x/
x 		/h/
h
Trill /r/
r
Lateral /l/
l
Glide /w/
w 		/j/
y
  1. ^ Except in word-initial position, where it is not marked (e.g. áigi (“fence”)).
  2. ^ The digraph sh is umambiguous because /h/ can only occur in the beginning of a word.

Vowels

There are 7 short vowels, 7 long vowels, and 5 diphthongs.

Vowel IPA Example
Short vowels
i /i/ walí (“sickle”)
u /u/ túla (“small pond”)
e /e/ meté (“head”)
o /o/ noqó (“water”)
ɛ /ɛ/ ɓɛ́nta (“seed”)
ɔ /ɔ/ bɔ́na (“drought”)
a /a/ berá (“in front of”)
Long vowels
ii /iː/ zíiga (“spinal cord”)
uu /uː/ shúupi (“sunflower”)
ee /eː/ déetʼa (“heavy”)
oo /oː/ kóofini (“squirrel”)
ɛɛ /ɛː/ dɛ́ɛga (“dumb”)
ɔɔ /ɔː/ qɔ́ɔcʼa (“nape”)
aa /aː/ háada (“rope”)
Diphthongs
ai /ai/ áigi (“fence”)
au /au/ qáu (“forest”)
ei /ei/ weilám (“heart”)
oi /oi/ óiso (“question”)
ia /ia/ sía (“bad”)

Stress

Every word has exactly one stressed syllable, which can carry either a high tone (written as á) or a falling tone (written as â), except for monosyllabic words of the form CVC (C = Consonant, V = Vowel), which bear no diacritics.

For digraphs (i.e. long vowels and diphthongs), the diacritic falls on the first character. (For examples, see #Vowels above.)

Tone IPA Example
(unmarked) (unmarked) qóle (“where?”)
á /á/ wucʼé (“(you all) drink!”)
â /â/ wucʼê (“he doesn't drink”)

References

  1. ^ Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎, Leiden University

See also

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia