Wiktionary:About Old Novgorodian

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Shortcut:
WT:AZLE-ONO

Periodization

The purple color shows the spread of Old Novgorodian in the late 14th century.

Old Novgorodian is defined in Wiktionary as being between the early 9th century to the mid-15th century (c. 800‒1450).

  • Pre-literate period ‒ until the 11th century (before c. 1000).
  • Early Old Novgorod ‒ early 11th to the first quarter of the 13th century (c. 1000‒1225). Accepted as main in Wiktionary.
  • Late Old Novgorod ‒ second quarter of the 13th to the mid-15th century (c. 1225‒1450).

Divided into two dialects, the main Eastern Old Novgorodian (zle-ono) and the western dialect ‒ Old Pskovian (zle-ops).

Spelling normalization

Letters

Letters for entries in Old Novgorodian in Wiktionary
а б в г д е ж ꙁ и к л м н о п р с т оу ф х ѿ * ц ч ш щ ъ ꙑ ь ѣ ꙗ ѥ ю ѫ ѭ ѧ ѩ ѯ ѱ ѳ ѵ
zle-ono a b v g d e ž z i k l m n o p r s t u f x ot ć š ść ŭ y ĭ ě ja je ju ǫ jǫ ę ję ks ps θ ü
zle-ops ź ś ś šk

* Use these letters for alternative forms.

See also WT:Old Novgorodian transliteration

Concerining spelling, the following practices are followed:

  • For /e/ use е instead of є.
  • For /o/ use о instead of ѡ, ѻ, ꙩ, etc.
  • For /u/ use оу instead of у or ꙋ.
  • For /y/ use archaic ꙑ instead of ы.
  • For /i/ use и instead of і.
  • For /je/ use ѥ instead of е or є.
  • For /ja/ use ꙗ as etymologically expected, instead of ѧ. Moreover, no я.
  • For nasal /ǫ/, /jǫ/ and /ę/, /ję/ use ѫ, ѭ (no оу, ю instead of them) and ѧ, ѩ as etymologically expected.
  • For entries, do not use a “domestic orthography” («бытовая система письма») in which there is a mixing of the letters е ⇄ ь, о ⇄ ъ, and also ѣ ⇄ е, ь and и.
    • For reduced /ŭ/ and /ĭ/ use ъ and ь as etymologically expected, instead of о and е.
    • Use ѣ /ě/ as etymologically expected. Mixing ѣ ⇄ и reflects the phonetic transition /ě/ → /i/ that occurred around 1200‒1350. Sometimes you can use и for alternative forms.
  • For /z/ use archaic ꙁ instead of з.
  • One can use ѯ /ks/, ѱ /ps/, ѳ /θ/, ѵ /ü/ for Greek borrowings and as etymologically expected.

Word forms

Give preference to these forms of words:

Typical layout

{{also|}}
==Old Novgorodian==
]

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|zle-ono|||late form/Old Pskovian}}

===Etymology===
{{etymid|zle-ono|}}
{{etymon|zle-ono|id=|inh|sla-pro>*>|tree=1}}
{{PIE word|zle-ono|}}
{{inh+|zle-ono|sla-pro|*}}, from {{inh|zle-ono|ine-bsl-pro|*}}, from {{inh|zle-ono|ine-pro||*|t=}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*-|t=}}.<ref name="Anikin">{{R:ru:Anikin|||}}</ref> {{etydate|c|‒}}.
From early {{m|zle-ono/zle-ops|}}, {{inh+|zle-ono|sla-pro|*|nocap=1}}{{dercat|zle-ono|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}{{root|zle-ono|ine-pro|*-}}. {{surf|zle-ono||t1=||lit=}}.
{{bor+|zle-ono|urj-fin}} languages, probably from {{bor|zle-ono|olo|}}, cf. {{cog|krl|}}, {{cog|lud|}}, {{cog|vep|}}, {{cog|vot|}}, {{cog|izh|}}, {{cog|fi|}}, ultimately from {{der|zle-ono|urj-fin-pro||t=}}.
From {{af|zle-ono||t1=||lit=}}. Compare {{cog|orv|}}. Cognate with {{cog|orv|}}, {{cog|zle-ort|}}, {{cog|cu|}}, {{cog|zlw-opl|}}. {{dbt|zle-ono|}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{hyph|zle-ono|}}

===Adjective===
{{head|zle-ono|adjective}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Noun===
{{head|zle-ono|noun|g=}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Verb===
{{head|zle-ono|verb|g=}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Numeral===
{{head|zle-ono|numeral}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>
===Proper noun===
{{head|zle-ono|proper noun|g=}}<ref>{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004|}}</ref>

# {{senseid|zle-ono|}} {{c|zle-ono|}} {{lb|zle-ono|Old Pskovian|relational|hapax}} ] {{gl|}}
#: {{syn|zle-ono|}}
#* {{RQ:birchbark||n|‒|…||}}
# {{alt form|zle-ono||t=]|from=Late/Old Pskovian}}

====Derived/Related terms====
{{rootsee|zle-ono|ine|}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=adjectives|}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=adverbs|}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=nouns|<g:><t:>}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=proper nouns|<g:><qq:first name><qq:toponym>}}
{{col-auto|zle-ono|title=verbs|}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|zle-ops|}}
* {{desc|zle-mru||bor=1|unc=1}}
** {{desc|ru|<qq:dialectal>}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:zle-ono:ruscorpora|}}

Bibliography

Reference template Work
{{R:zle-ono:ruscorpora|}} Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка, https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2024
{{R:zle-ono:Zaliznyak:2004||}} Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN
{{R:zle-ono:NGB||||}} Artsikhovsky, A. V., Borkovsky, V. I., Yanin, V. L., Zaliznyak, A. A., Gippius, A. A. et al., editors (1953–2015), Новгородские грамоты на бересте (1951–2014 гг.) (in Russian), volumes 1–12, Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Nauka, Russian Dictionaries et al.
{{R:zle-ono:VJa||||}} Yanin, V. L., Zaliznyak, A. A., Gippius, A. A. et al. (1997–2024) “Берестяные грамоты из раскопок”, in Вопросы языкознания‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, →ISSN
{{R:birchbark||||}} Древнерусские берестяные грамоты‎ (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024
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