Proto-Permic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Permic languages (Komi languages and Udmurt).
For the sake of consistency, the following transcription is chosen for Wiktionary:
| labial | labiodental | dental | alveolar | palatal | palatovelar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | *ť | *k | ||
| voiced | *b | *d | *ď | *g | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | *s | *š | *ś | |||
| voiced | *w | *v | *z | *ž | *ź | *j | |
| Affricate | voiceless | *č | *ć | ||||
| voiced | *ǯ | *ʒ́ | |||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ń | *ŋ | |||
| Lateral | *l | *ľ | |||||
| Trill | *r | ||||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | *i | *ü | *u̇ | *u | ||
| Close-Mid | *e | *ö | *ȯ | *o | ||
| Open-Mid | *ɛ | *ɔ̈ | *ɔ̇ | *ɔ | ||
| Open | *ä | *a | *å | |||
The vowel *y may be used to denote the unrounded central vowel in the reconstructions by Csúcs (2005). The vowels *ᴕ and *ᴕ̈ are used for uncertain back and front vowels respectively.
| Vowel correspondences in Permic languages (word-initial syllable) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Permic | Old Komi | Komi-Zyrian | Komi-Permyak | Komi-Yazva | Udmurt | Finnic | notes |
| *a | 𐍐 | а | а | a | а | *a, *ä | |
| *å | 𐍐 | а | а | a | у | *a | |
| *ä | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | е | *ä, *e, *i | Dialectally, Udmurt *ä > ӧ |
| *ɔ | 𐍩 | о | о | о | у | *ä, *e, *i, *ö, *ü | Irregularly, Udmurt *ɔ > а |
| *o | 𐍞 | о | о | у | у | *a, *ë, *i, *o, *u | Udmurt *wo- > ва- Beserman *wo- > ўа- Irregularly, Udmurt *o > ы/и Irregularly, Beserman *o > ө |
| *ɛ | 𐍔 | е | е | е | о | *ä, *e, *i (*ö, *ü) | Next to palatals, Udmurt *ɛ > е Irregularly, Udmurt *ɛ > e |
| *e | 𐍱 | е | е | и | о | *ä, *e, *i (*ö, *ü) | Next to palatals, Udmurt *e > е Irregularly, Udmurt *e > e |
| *ɔ̇ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | о | *ä mainly | Before *l, Udmurt *ɔ̇ > а Irregularly, Udmurt *ɔ̇ > а |
| *ȯ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӱ | ӧ | *o, *u mainly | Udmurt unstressed *ȯ > ы Beserman unstressed *ȯ > ө |
| *ɔ̈ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | *ö, *ü | Udmurt unstressed *ɔ̈ > у Irregularly, Komi *ɔ̈ > е |
| *ö | 𐍞 | о | о | у | у | *ä, e, i, ö, ü | Beserman *ö > ө |
| *u̇ | 𐍨 | ы | ы | ө | ы | *u, *ü mainly | Beserman *u̇ > ө |
| *i | 𐍙 | и | и | и | и | *i, *e mainly | |
| *u | 𐍣 | у | у | у | у | *a, *o mainly | Irregularly, Udmurt *u > ы/и Irregularly, Beserman *u > ө |
| *ü | 𐍣 | у | у | у | у | *ä, *e *i, *ö, *ü | Beserman *ü > ө Irregularly, Udmurt *u > ы/и |
| Vowel correspondences in Permic languages (non-initial syllable) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Permic | Old Komi | Komi-Zyrian | Komi-Permyak | Komi-Yazva | Udmurt | notes |
| *a | 𐍐 | а | а | a | а / о | |
| *ä | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ө | е | |
| *i | 𐍙 / 𐍨 | и / ы | и / ы | и / ө | и / ы / у | different realisations in dialectal Udmurt |
All Proto-Permic reconstructions should either feature at least one Komi and one Udmurt descendant or any one Permic descendant, provided that a Proto-Uralic ancestor is reconstructed. The current standard for listing descendants is as such:
* Komi:
** {{desc|koi|}}
** {{desc|urj-kya|}}
** {{desc|kpv|}}
*** Komi-Izhma: {{l|kpv|}}
*** Komi-Pechora: {{l|kpv|}}
** {{desc|urj-koo|}}
* {{desc|udm|}}
** Beserman: {{l|udm|}}
The main sources for Proto-Permic reconstructions are works by V. I. Lytkin, including {{R:kpv:KESK}}.
Another main work is {{R:urj:Csucs:2005}}, which however should mainly be used for alternative reconstructions. Alternative reconstructions from this work may be given under the header ===Alternative forms=== and given an {{alternative form of}} template.