Proto-Permic is the reconstructed ancestor of the Permic languages (Komi languages and Udmurt).
For the sake of consistency, the following transcription is chosen for Wiktionary:
| labial | labiodental | dental | alveolar | palatal | palatovelar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | ť | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ď | g | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | š | ś | |||
| voiced | w | v | z | ž | ź | j | |
| Affricate | voiceless | č | ć | ||||
| voiced | ǯ | ʒ́ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ń | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | ľ | |||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i | ü | u̇ | u | ||
| Close-Mid | e | ö | ȯ | o | ||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ̈ | ɔ̇ | ɔ | ||
| Open | ä | a | å | |||
The vowel ⟨y⟩ may be used to denote the unrounded central vowel in the reconstructions by Csúcs (2005). The vowels ⟨ᴕ⟩ and ⟨ᴕ̈⟩ are used for uncertain back and front vowels respectively.
| Vowel correspondences in Permic languages (word-initial syllable) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Permic | Old Komi | Komi-Zyrian | Komi-Permyak | Komi-Yazva | Udmurt | Finnic | notes |
| *a | 𐍐 | а | а | a | а | *a, *ä | |
| *å | 𐍐 | а | а | a | у | *a | |
| *ä | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | е | *ä, *e, *i | Dialectally, Udmurt *ä > ӧ |
| *ɔ | 𐍩 | о | о | о | у | *ä, *e, *i, *ö, *ü | Irregularly, Udmurt *ɔ > а |
| *o | 𐍞 | о | о | у | у | *a, *ë, *i, *o, *u | Udmurt *wo- > ва- Beserman *wo- > ўа- Irregularly, Udmurt *o > ы/и Irregularly, Beserman *o > ө |
| *ɛ | 𐍔 | е | е | е | о | *ä, *e, *i (*ö, *ü) | Next to palatals, Udmurt *ɛ > е Irregularly, Udmurt *ɛ > e |
| *e | 𐍱 | е | е | и | о | *ä, *e, *i (*ö, *ü) | Next to palatals, Udmurt *e > е Irregularly, Udmurt *e > e |
| *ɔ̇ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | о | *ä mainly | Before *l, Udmurt *ɔ̇ > а Irregularly, Udmurt *ɔ̇ > а |
| *ȯ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӱ | ӧ | *o, *u mainly | Udmurt unstressed *ȯ > ы Beserman unstressed *ȯ > ө |
| *ɔ̈ | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | ӧ | *ö, *ü | Udmurt unstressed *ɔ̈ > у Irregularly, Komi *ɔ̈ > е |
| *ö | 𐍞 | о | о | у | у | *ä, e, i, ö, ü | Beserman *ö > ө |
| *u̇ | 𐍨 | ы | ы | ө | ы | *u, *ü mainly | Beserman *u̇ > ө |
| *i | 𐍙 | и | и | и | и | *i, *e mainly | |
| *u | 𐍣 | у | у | у | у | *a, *o mainly | Irregularly, Udmurt *u > ы/и Irregularly, Beserman *u > ө |
| *ü | 𐍣 | у | у | у | у | *ä, *e *i, *ö, *ü | Beserman *ü > ө Irregularly, Udmurt *u > ы/и |
| Vowel correspondences in Permic languages (non-initial syllable) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto-Permic | Old Komi | Komi-Zyrian | Komi-Permyak | Komi-Yazva | Udmurt | notes |
| *a | 𐍐 | а | а | a | а / о | |
| *ä | 𐍩 | ӧ | ӧ | ө | е | |
| *i | 𐍙 / 𐍨 | и / ы | и / ы | и / ө | и / ы / у | different realisations in dialectal Udmurt |
All Proto-Permic reconstructions should either feature at least one Komi and one Udmurt descendant or any one Permic descendant, provided that a Proto-Uralic ancestor is reconstructed. The current standard for listing descendants is as such:
* Komi:
** {{desc|koi|}}
** {{desc|urj-kya|}}
** {{desc|kpv|}}
*** Komi-Izhma: {{l|kpv|}}
*** Komi-Pechora: {{l|kpv|}}
** {{desc|urj-koo|}}
* {{desc|udm|}}
** Beserman: {{l|udm|}}
The main sources for Proto-Permic reconstructions are works by V. I. Lytkin, including {{R:kpv:KESK}}.
Another main work is {{R:urj:Csucs:2005}}, which however should mainly be used for alternative reconstructions. Alternative reconstructions from this work may be given under the header ===Alternative forms=== and given an {{alternative form of}} template.