Proto-Tupian is the common ancestor of all of the Tupian languages. Note that since this is a reconstructed language, all entries should be subpages in the Reconstruction namespace. E.g.: Reconstruction:Proto-Tupian/potsɨy, not potsɨy.
The following conventions will be used at the time of creating new Proto-Tupian entries. Use the symbols in the first column when creating entries, the remaining columns show other notations used by authors, for reference.
| Wiktionary | Nikulin, 2020 | Corrêa-da-Silva, 2010 | Rodrigues, 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral vowels | |||
| *a | *a | ||
| *e | *e, *ə | *e | *e |
| *i | *i | ||
| *ɨ | *y, *ɯ | *ɨ | *ɨ |
| *o | *o | ||
| *u | *u | ||
| Nasal vowels | |||
| *ã | *ã | ||
| *ẽ | *ẽ | ||
| *ĩ | *ĩ | ||
| *ɨ̃ | *ỹ | *ɨ̃ | *ɨ̃ |
| *õ | *õ | ||
| *ũ | *ũ | ||
| Stops | |||
| *p | *p, *P | *p | *p |
| pˀ | Pʔ | pˀ | pˀ |
| *pʷ | - | *pʷ | *pʷ |
| *pʷˀ | - | *pʷˀ | *pʷˀ |
| *ᵐp | *mb | *ᵐp | *ᵐp |
| *t | *t, *T | *t | *t |
| *tˀ | - | *tˀ | *tˀ |
| *tʲ | *tʲ | ||
| *k | *k, *ꝁ, *K | *k | *k |
| *kˀ | - | *kˀ | *kˀ |
| *kʲ | *kʲ | ||
| *kʷ | *kʷ | ||
| *kʷˀ | - | *kʷˀ | *kʷˀ |
| *ᵑk | *ŋg | *ᵑk | *ᵑk |
| *ʔ | *ʔ | ||
| Affricates | |||
| *t͡s | *ts | *ts | *c |
| *t͡sˀ | - | *tsˀ | *cˀ |
| *t͡ʃ | *c | tʃ | *č |
| *t͡ʃˀ | - | *tʃˀ | *čˀ |
| Non-syllabic sonorants | |||
| *j | *j, *C | *j | *j |
| *w | *w | ||
| *rʲ | *rj | *rʲ | *rʲ |
| *m | *m | ||
| *n | *n, *nd, *T | *n | *n |
| *ŋ | *ŋ | ||
| *ŋʷ | *ŋg | *ŋkʷ | *ŋʷ |
{{der}} and {{inh}} to add it in etymology sections.
{{der|gug|tup-pro|*kɨt||green, unripe}} ('gug' is the code for Paraguayan Guaraní, which in this case is the language of the cognate of *kɨt)Entries should begin with {{reconstructed}} to alert readers to the reconstructed nature of the entry and the meaning of the asterisk. Following that, PT entries are laid out the same as other entries in the main namespace. So they have a language header and descendants. If you're not sure how to format an entry, you can look at existing entries.
The following template can be used for nouns:
{{reconstructed}}
==Proto-Tupian==
{{tup-noun}}
# ]
====Descendants====
* Subfamily 1: *
*: Language 1:
*: Language 2: