Wiktionary:About Punjabi

1=Language considerations (Punjabi)

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The Punjabi language is a language spoken natively by approximately 90 million people in Pakistan, and around 35 million people in India. It is written in two scripts, Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi, respectively.

Lemmas can be included in either script (but only one in the title) and are categorised under the same language code pa and under the same language title ==Punjabi==. Transliterations (or romanized lemmas, ie. 'Roman' words) are not considered words.

1. Language header lets you know the language of the word in question (==Punjabi==). It is almost always in a level two heading (See Wiktionary:How to edit a page for some basic terminology we use). When there is more than one language header on a page, the language headers should appear in alphabetical order with Translingual and English given priority. Do not use "Panjabi", "Western Punjabi", "Pakistani Punjabi" or "Indian Punjabi", etc. in the language header, only "Punjabi". Similarly with the language code, only use the Standard Punjabi language pa. Do not use the Western Punjabi language code pnb, except only to retrieve Shahmukhi-script based templates such as {{pnb-decl-adj}}.
2. Part of Speech header It is the key descriptor for the grammatical function of the term in question (such as 'noun', 'verb', etc). The definitions themselves come within its scope. This heading is most frequently in a level three heading, and a page may have more than one for a single language.
3. Inflection Line is the line immediately following the part of speech header. In the simplest entries, this will be the entry name, followed by the gender, transliteration, or other simple relevant information.
4. Definitions or translations of the word appear as a numbered list in the part of speech section immediately following the inflection line, though it is a good idea to include a blank line in between for ease of editing.
5. Declension/Conjugation should follow the Part of Speech header at a level 4. Use ====Declension==== for nouns and adjectives, and for verbs use ====Conjugation====.

This is a simple entry for the word بُوہَا (būhā, “door”) / ਬੂਹਾ (būhā), and shows the most fundamental elements of an entry:

==Punjabi==

===Noun===
{{pa-noun|g=m|gur=ਬੂਹਾ|head=بُوہَا}}

# a ]

In this Shahmukhi example, the |g=m parameter indicates the gender of the noun which is masculine. The other is feminine. The |head= parameter is used (generally only for Shahmukhi lemmas) to introduce vocalised lemmas (words which include diacritics). The |gur= parameter is used to link the Gurmukhi counterpart on Shahmukhi pages. |sha= should be used to link Shahmukhi counterparts on Gurmukhi pages.

The part of speech section will often include simple translation(s) into English in place of definitions, but there may be subsections.

Following is the preferred sequence for these standard sections:

 ==Punjabi==
 ===Alternative forms===
 ===Etymology===
 ===Pronunciation===
 ===(Part of Speech)===
 ====Declension==== (for nouns, adjectives and pronouns ''only'')
 ====Conjugation==== (for verbs ''only'')
 ====Usage notes====
 ====Derived terms====
 ====Related terms====
 ===Further reading===

The standard Shahmukhi alphabet is one that is consistent with the Urdu alphabet. The use of the nasal retroflex ݨ (ṇ) and the lateral retroflex ࣇ (ḷ) is allowed in the |head= parameter but is considered non-standard and must not be used in the title of a word. Wiktionary will automatically return these with ن (n) and ل (l), when linked. See سوہݨا (sohṇā, “beautiful”) as an example, which has been created under the سوہنا (sohnā) page.

Punjabi lemmas are only written in the ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ (gurmukhī) or شاہ مُکھی (śāh mukhī) scripts. Gurmukhi lemmas are automatically transliterated, while vocalised Shahmukhi lemmas can provide near-accurate transliterations.

Due to orthographical differences, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi transliteration methods are not identical (see Wiktionary:Punjabi transliteration for more information). The Gurmukhi transliteration standard is based on the IAST methodology, while the Shahmukhi transliteration based on a modified version of the Urdu ALA-LC romanization table. The transliterations are provided by Module:Guru-translit and Module:pa-Arab-translit respectively.

The Punjabi language is split into two dialect groups: Eastern dialects and Western dialects. Standard Punjabi is based on Majhi Punjabi, which is considered intermediate between Eastern and Western dialects.

Eastern dialects typically include the dialects spoken in India, as well as the Majhi dialect or 'Central Punjabi':

• Majhi – native to the Majha region, i.e. the Lahore, Gujranwala and Gujrat divisions of Pakistani Punjab and the Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Pathankot and Tarn Taran districts of Indian Punjab.
• Doabi – native to the Doaba region of India. Also spoken in large numbers by the descendants of those who migrated from there, notably in Faisalabad, Pakistan.
• Malwai – native to the Malwa region of southern Indian Punjab and far-north Rajasthan.
• Puadhi – native to the Puadh region of western Indian Punjab and northern Haryana.

Western dialects include Lahnda dialects of Punjabi which are closely related to other Lahnda lects like Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari and Saraiki:

• Dhanni
• Jhangli – native to large areas of the Bar Region of Pakistani Punjab and places bordering it in India such as Fazilka.
• Shahpuri – native to area of the former Shahpur District of British Punjab and the Mandi Bahauddin and Hafizabad districts in Pakistan.

Dogri (doi), Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari (phr) and Saraiki (skr) are considered separate to the Punjabi language (pa), and lemmas of those varieties should not use the Punjabi language code. Instead they should categorised under their distinct language codes.

The Punjabi language is considered a tonal language, where the use of pitch determines the specific word or meaning. Tones are mainly in Punjabi are unmarked, meaning that they are assumed, but not indicated in orthography. They are, however, often derived from aspirated consonant clusters (such as 'bh', 'dh', 'ḍh' 'gh', and 'jh' ) or aspirate diacritic / letter (੍ਹ (h) in Gurmukhi, or the do-chashme-he (ھ (h)) in Shahmukhi). In Shahmukhi, the letter 'ain (ع (ʻ)) can also carry a tone.

In Punjabi, there are 3 types of tones: falling (low), rising (high), and level.

• All translations into Punjabi must be grouped under * Punjabi, with the standard Punjabi language code pa. The Western Punjabi language code pnb has been deprecated and should not be used. Scripts should be sub-nested as Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi. Regional or dialectal variations can be flagged with {{qualifier}}.

* Punjabi:
*: Gurmukhi: {{t|pa|ਬੱਦਲ|m}}
*: Shahmukhi: {{t|pa|بَدَّل|m}} 

Words with dialectal variations can be included as such:

* Punjabi:
*: Gurmukhi: {{t|pa|ਪਿਓ|m}}, {{t|pa|ਪੇ|m}} {{qualifier|Doabi}}
*: Shahmukhi: {{t|pa|پِیو|m}}, {{t|pa|اَبّا|m}} {{qualifier|chiefly Pakistan}} ... 

• Category:Punjabi language
• Category:Requests concerning Punjabi
• Wiktionary:Requested entries (Punjabi)