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Wiktionary:About Sumerian. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
Wiktionary:About Sumerian, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
Wiktionary:About Sumerian in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Wiktionary:About Sumerian, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Sumerian entries
- Sumerian entries are always created in cuneiform script.
- The best practice is to copy/paste it from the ePSD2 site.
- To type cuneiform signs when you know their transliteration you can use one of the following online editors:
- We use the
{{sux-signs}}
template right under ==Sumerian==
to link the individual signs in the term. See: πΌπ
π (ama-ar-giβ /β amargiβ /)
- In individual cuneiform entries (like πΌ (ama), π (digΜir), etc.) we add the
{{sux-signsee}}
template under the ===See also===
section (right before ===References===
).
Transliteration
- We use the parameter
|tr=
in the {{head}}
, {{l}}
, {{m}}
, etc. templates to give the transliteration of Sumerian cuneiform signs.
- We transliterate each cuneiform sign in lowercase, separated by a dash (-). See for example ππ΅π (a-ga-am /β agamβ /).
- If more than one transliteration is possible for a sign, we can enter more then one by separating them with a comma (,). See for example π (kaβ, kanβ /β kanβ /).
- For indexing we use subscripts numbers (β β β β β β
β β β β). You can find them at the bottom of the edit window if you choose Akkadian and Sumerian from the drop-down menu on the left.
- We use the same transliteration system used by ePSD2, with the only exception of the sound /Ε/, that we transliterate as gΜ. You can insert this letter by choosing Akkadian and Sumerian from the drop-down menu on the bottom left of the editing window and clicking on "gΜ" (or "GΜ" if you need it capitalised). This is done to keep consistency with older transliteration/Akkadian sumerograms that might only have a g where more recent reconstructions have gΜ, and facilitate their searching. The character β¨Εβ© used in some publications doesn't have the same flexibility.
- Determinatives will use the template
{{sup}}
. See for example πππ€ (den-lilβ /β Enlilβ /).
Normalisation
- We use the parameter
|ts=
in the {{head}}
, {{l}}
, {{m}}
, etc. templates to give the normalisation of a Sumerian word. A word's normalisation is the reconstructed "pronunciation" of a Sumerian word and correspond to the spelling of entries on ePSD2. See for example πππ a'abak.
- When a word's transliteration is identical to its normalisation, we will only use the transliteration parameter (
|tr=
. See for example π― (mul).
- When a word's transliteration is not identical to its normalisation, we will always indicate its normalisation, even if the only difference is the lack of an index. See for example π³ (uruβ /β uruβ /).
- Proper nouns are capitalised. See for example ππ (eβ-ninnu /β Eninnuβ /).
- To separate two vowels belonging to different elements of a compound, we use the straight apostrophe ( ' ). See for example πππ (a'abak).
- We indicate vowel contraction with a circumflex (similarly to how it is done in normalizing Akkadian lemmas). See for example π (ba /β bΓ’β /).
- Enclitic particles (case endings, possessives, etc) and verbal elements are written attached to the noun or verb they refer to without a dash. See for example π π (ki-ba /β kibΓ’β /) or πππ (a'abak).
Verbs
In the following two cases, we use the {{sux-verb}}
template.
- Compound verbs
- Sumerian phrasal verbs (known in the field as "compound verbs") follow the layout of π π (ki agΜβ /β ki agΜβ /).
- Verbs with reduplicated forms
- Verbs with reduplicated forms follow the layout of π― (kuβ /β kudβ /) and π―π― (kuβ-kuβ /β ku-kuβ /).
- Alternative forms are given using the
{{sux-alts}}
template right under ==Sumerian==
(if they refer to the main entry) or under ===Etymology===
if they refer to just one individual meaning of the entry. See for example π²ππ (anΕ‘ekungaβ /β kungaβ /) and πΊ (tumβ /β tumβ /).
Emesal
- Emesal words corresponding to Emegir (Standard Sumerian) entries are given using the template
{{sux-registers}}
. See for example π
(igi). For the template {{sux-registers}}
to work, you will need to add the corresponding Emegir and Emesal data to the list in Module:sux-registers/data (follow the format of previus entries).
References
- In this section we try to always give the link to the corresponding ePSD2 entry. We do so with the references template
{{R:sux:ePSD2|<--ePSD2 entry number-->|<--normalisation-->|<--meaning-->}}
. We only give the meaning when it's needed to differentiate two references that would otherwise have the same normalisation. See for example:
- Standard ePSD2 reference: π― (mul)
- ePSD2 references differentiated by their meanings: π
- You can find the ePSD2 entry number by right-clicking on the normalisation of an ePSD2 entry and selecting copy link address. If you paste the address, you will get a string like this:
- javascript:p3Article('/epsd2/cbd/sux/o0023213.html')
- The entry number is the name of the html page minus ".html". In our example that would be: o0023213.
Further reading
- We use the
{{pedia}}
template to link eventual Wikipedia articles under this section. See an example at πΌπ
π (ama-ar-giβ /β amargiβ /).
- To facilitate searches of cuneiform signs by their transliteration, we use a simplified romanization system that represents all diacritics/subscript indexes in a way that makes them easy to type on a keyboard. This is identical to the one used on the ePSD2 site. Most letters are identical to the proper transliteration system. Here is a list of those that are different:
Transliteration |
Romanization
|
gΜ |
j
|
Ε‘ |
sz
|
αΈ« |
h
|
β-β |
0 - 9
|
β |
X (see for example: sigX)
|
- Here you can see all currently existing Sumerian romanisation entries: Category:Sumerian_romanizations
- There are still a lot of romanizations missing. If you find that a romanization doesn't exist, you can create it following the model of mesz3.
Grammars and dictionaries
Grammars
Dictionaries