Wiktionary:Sindhi transliteration

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These are the rules concerning transliteration in Sindhi entries. The transliteration of Devanagari for Sindhi corresponds mostly to the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, while transcriptions of phonemes unique to Sindhi adhere to R. L. Turner's A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages.

Perso-Arabic

No. Letter Name of letter Transcription IPA
1 ا, آ ʾalif ā, ', – /aː, ʔ/, ∅
2 ب be b /b/
3 ٻ ḇe ḇ /ɓ/
4 ڀ bhe bh /bʱ/
5 ت te t /t̪/
6 ٺ the th /t̪ʰ/
7 ٽ ṭe ṭ /ʈ/
8 ٺ ṭhe ṭh /ʈʰ/
9 ث se s /s/
10 پ pe p /p/
11 ج jīm j /d͡ʒ/
12 ڄ j̄īm j̄ /ʄ/
13 جھ jhīm jh /d͡ʒʱ/
14 ڃ ñe ñ /ɲ/
15 چ ce c /t͡ʃ/
16 ڇ che ch /t͡ʃʰ/
17 ح he h /ɦ/
18 خ xe x /x/
19 د dāl d /d̪/
20 ڌ dhāl dh /d̪ʱ/
21 ڊ ḍāl ḍ /ɖ/
22 ڏ ḍ̠āl ḍ̠ /ɗ/
23 ڍ ḍhāl ḍh /ɖʱ/
24 ذ zāl z /z/
25 ر re r /r/
26 ڙ ṛe ṛ /ɽ/
27 ز ze z /z/
28 س sīn s /s/
29 ش śīn ś /ʃ/
30 ص su'ād s /s/
31 ض zu'ād z /z/
32 ط to'e t /t/
33 ظ zo'e z /z/
34 ع ʿain ā, o, e, ', /aː, oː, eː, ʔ/, ∅
35 غ ġain ġ /ɣ/
36 ف fe f /f/
37 ڦ phe ph /pʰ/
38 ق qāf q /q/
39 ڪ kāf k /k/
40 ک khāf kh /kʰ/
41 گ gāf g /ɡ/
42 ڳ g̠āf g̠ /ɠ/
43 گهہ‎ ghāf gh /ɡʱ/
42 ڱ‎ ṅe ṅ /ŋ/
43 ل lām l /l/
44 م mīm m /m/
45 ن nūn n, ◌̃ /n, ◌̃/
46 ڻ‎ ṇūn ṇ /ɳ/
47 و va'o v, u, o, au, ū /ʋ, ʊ, oː, ɔː, uː/
48 ء hamzā ', – /ʔ/, Ø
49 ى ye y, ī, e /j, iː, eː/
52 ه he h /ɦ/ or /h/
51 ھ do caśmī he h /ʰ/ or /ʱ/

Devanagari

Vowels

1 2 3 4 5 6
short independent अ इ उ ऋ ए ओ
diacritic inherent ि ु ृ े ो
trans. a i u ŕ e o
IPA
long independent आ ई ऊ ऐ औ
diacritic ा ी ू ै ौ
trans. ā ī ū ai au
IPA


Consonants

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
velar deva. क ख ग ॻ घ ङ ह
trans. k kh g g̠ gh ṅ h
IPA /
palatal deva. च छ ज ॼ झ ञ य श
trans. c ch j j̄ jh ñ y ś
IPA
retroflex deva. ट ठ ड ॾ ढ ण र ष
trans. ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍ̠ ḍh ṇ r ṣ
IPA
dental deva. त थ द ध न ल स
trans. t th d dh n l s
IPA
labial deva. प फ ब ॿ भ म व
trans. p ph b ḇ bh m v
IPA //

Diacritics

Nuqtā

The ़ (नुक़्ता, nuqtā) diacritic describes sounds not found in Sanskrit, and therefore not represented by standard Devanagari. Most of these sounds are found in Persian and English loanwords.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
deva. क़ ख़ ग़ ज़ फ़ ड़ ढ़
trans. q x ġ z f ṛ ṛh
IPA
Anusvara

The (अनुस्वार, anusvara) is "transliterated" according to its context in a word. Basically, the consonant (or lack thereof) immediately following the nasal vowel determines exactly how the transliteration will occur.

  1. First, a tilde diacritic is added to the nasalized vowel
    ã, ā̃, ẽ, ĩ, ī̃, ũ, ū̃, etc.
  2. If a consonant follows the nasalized vowel, the transliteration of the consonant's corresponding nasal consonant follows.
    Gutturals (क, ख, ग, घ, ह) will use ṅ (for ङ)
    Dentals (त, थ, द, ध, ल, स) will use n (for न)
    Labials (प, फ, ब, भ, व) will use m (for म), etc.
    — 'n' and 'm' are disambiguated from न and म.
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