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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
First attested 1400–50. From Middle English abbreviacioun, from Middle French abreviation, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātiō, from Latin ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”).
Morphologically abbreviate + -ion
Pronunciation
Noun
abbreviation (countable and uncountable, plural abbreviations), used with for or of
- The result of shortening or reducing; abridgment.
- (linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @.
Hants is an abbreviation of Hampshire.
- The process of abbreviating.
- (music) A notation used in music score to denote a direction, as pp or mf.
- (music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.
- Any convenient short form used as a substitution for an understood or inferred whole.
- 1946-1947, President Truman's committee on Civil Rights
- The phrase "civil rights" is an abbreviation for a whole complex of relationships.
- (biology) Loss during evolution of the final stages of the ancestral ontogenetic pattern.
- (mathematics) Reduction to lower terms, as a fraction.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Hyponyms
- (linguistics): acronym (employing initial letters or syllables); clipping (omitting several letters); initialism (employing initial letters); symbol, sign (employing marks other than letters)
Derived terms
Translations
abridged version of a document
act or result of shortening or reducing
- Afrikaans: verkorting (af), afkorting (af)
- Armenian: հապավում (hy) (hapavum), կրճատում (hy) (krčatum), համառոտում (hy) (hamaṙotum)
- Bulgarian: съкращаване (bg) n (sǎkraštavane), скъсяване (bg) n (skǎsjavane)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 縮寫/缩写 (zh) (suōxiě)
- Czech: zkrácení n
- Danish: forkortelse (da) c
- Dutch: afkorting (nl) f, verkorting (nl) f
- Finnish: lyhentäminen (fi), lyhennös, lyhennelmä (fi), lyhennys (fi)
- German: Abkürzung (de) f, Kürzen n
- Greek: σύντμηση (el) f (sýntmisi)
- Icelandic: stytting (is) f
- Ido: abrevio (io)
- Indonesian: penyingkatan (id), abreviasi (id)
- Irish: giorrú m
- Italian: abbreviazione (it) f
- Japanese: 省略 (ja) (しょうりゃく, shōryaku), 短縮 (ja) (たんしゅく, tanshuku), 略 (ja) (りゃく, ryaku)
- Korean: 축약(縮約) (ko) (chugyak)
- Latin: abbreviātiō f
- Malay: penyingkatan
- Maltese: abbrevjazzjoni f
- Maori: poronga
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: forkortelse (no) m, forkorting m or f
- Nynorsk: forkorting f,
- Polish: skrócenie (pl) n
- Portuguese: abreviatura (pt) f, abreviação (pt) f
- Romanian: abreviere (ro) f
- Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije), уреза́ние (ru) n (urezánije)
- Scottish Gaelic: giorrachadh (gd) m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: абревија́ција f, кра̀тица f
- Roman: abrevijácija f, kràtica (sh) f
- Spanish: abreviación (es) f
- Swedish: förkortning (sv) c, förkortande (sv) n (the act of...)
- Vietnamese: (sự) tóm tắt, sự rút ngắn
- Volapük: brefükam (vo) (action)
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music: a notation used in music score to denote a direction
music: one or more dashes through the stem of a note
mathematics: reduction to lower terms
Translations to be checked
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abbreviation”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 3.
Further reading
- Abbreviation in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
- “abbreviation”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
- “abbreviation”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- "abbreviation" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.