Borrowed from Latin abstrahere (“draw away from”).
abstraire
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -abstray- root: *je abstrayis, *que nous abstrayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -abstrais- was used instead of -abstray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
| infinitive | simple | abstraire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | abstrayant /ap.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ap.stʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | abstrait /ap.stʁɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | abstrais /ap.stʁɛ/ |
abstrais /ap.stʁɛ/ |
abstrait /ap.stʁɛ/ |
abstrayons /ap.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ap.stʁe.jɔ̃/ |
abstrayez /ap.stʁɛ.je/ or /ap.stʁe.je/ |
abstraient /ap.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect | abstrayais /ap.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.jɛ/ |
abstrayais /ap.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.jɛ/ |
abstrayait /ap.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.jɛ/ |
abstrayions /ap.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
abstrayiez /ap.stʁɛj.je/ |
abstrayaient /ap.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | abstrayai /ap.stʁɛe/ |
abstrayas /ap.stʁɛa/ |
abstraya /ap.stʁɛa/ |
abstrayâmes /ap.stʁɛam/ |
abstrayâtes /ap.stʁɛat/ |
abstrayèrent /ap.stʁɛɛʁ/ | |
| future | abstrairai /ap.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁe/ |
abstrairas /ap.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁa/ |
abstraira /ap.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁa/ |
abstrairons /ap.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
abstrairez /ap.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁe/ |
abstrairont /ap.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | abstrairais /ap.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁɛ/ |
abstrairais /ap.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁɛ/ |
abstrairait /ap.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁɛ/ |
abstrairions /ap.stʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
abstrairiez /ap.stʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁje/ |
abstrairaient /ap.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ap.stʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | abstraie /ap.stʁɛ/ |
abstraies /ap.stʁɛ/ |
abstraie /ap.stʁɛ/ |
abstrayions /ap.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
abstrayiez /ap.stʁɛj.je/ |
abstraient /ap.stʁɛ/ |
| imperfect2 | abstrayasse /ap.stʁɛas/ |
abstrayasses /ap.stʁɛas/ |
abstrayât /ap.stʁɛa/ |
abstrayassions /ap.stʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ |
abstrayassiez /ap.stʁɛa.sje/ |
abstrayassent /ap.stʁɛas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | abstrais /ap.stʁɛ/ |
— | abstrayons /ap.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ap.stʁe.jɔ̃/ |
abstrayez /ap.stʁɛ.je/ or /ap.stʁe.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||