absum

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Latin

Etymology 1

From ab- (“from, away”) +‎ sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

Verb

absum (present infinitive abesse, perfect active āfuī, future participle āfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

  1. to be away, to be absent, to be distant
    Synonym: dēsum
    Antonyms: adsum, stō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.620:
      “‘Nusquam aberō, et tūtum patriō tē līmine sistam.’”
      “‘I will never be distant , and will set you safe at your father's doorstep.’”
      (Venus reassures her son, Aeneas.)
  2. (of length or time) to stretch, be away from, be distant from (with ab + ablatif)
  3. to be forbidden, be unpleasant, unwarranted for, vile
    • c. 672 CE – 735 CE, Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum libre I.capitulum 32:
      Si enim, quod absit, uerba eius postponitis, quando eum omnipotens Deus poterit audire pro uobis, quem uos neglegitis audire pro Deo?
      If in fact, and God forbid! you scorn his teachings, when God omnipotent were to hear him in your favor, would you neglect hearing him as messenger of our God?
Usage notes
  • Regularized perfect and supine forms abfuī, abfutūrus etc. occur in Medieval Latin.
Conjugation
   Conjugation of absum (highly irregular, suppletive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, active only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present absum abes abest absumus abestis absunt
imperfect aberam aberās aberat aberāmus aberātis aberant
future aberō aberis,
abere 		aberit aberimus aberitis aberunt
perfect āfuī āfuistī āfuit āfuimus āfuistis āfuērunt,
āfuēre
pluperfect āfueram āfuerās āfuerat āfuerāmus āfuerātis āfuerant
future perfect āfuerō āfueris āfuerit āfuerimus āfueritis āfuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present absim absīs absit absīmus absītis absint
imperfect abessem,
āforem 		abessēs,
āforēs 		abesset,
āforet 		abessēmus,
āforēmus 		abessētis,
āforētis 		abessent,
āforent
perfect āfuerim āfuerīs āfuerit āfuerīmus āfuerītis āfuerint
pluperfect āfuissem āfuissēs āfuisset āfuissēmus āfuissētis āfuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — abes — — abeste —
future — abestō abestō — abestōte absuntō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives abesse āfuisse āfutūrum esse,
āfore 		— — —
participles absēns — āfutūrus — — —
Synonyms
Descendants
  • → Old High German: abawesen (calque)
  • Norwegian Bokmål: abessiv

Etymology 2

Adjective

absum

  1. inflection of absus:
    1. nominative/vocative neuter singular
    2. accusative masculine/neuter singular

Noun

absum

  1. accusative singular of absus

References

  • “absum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “absum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • absum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    • to be not far away: prope (propius, proxime) abesse
    • he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
    • to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3)
    • God forbid: quod abominor! (procul absit!)
    • to be free from blame: abesse a culpa
    • to be almost culpable: prope abesse a culpa
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