accuser
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English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English acuser, accusour, borrowed from Old French accusour, from Latin accusator, from accusare. Equivalent to accuse + -er. Doublet of accusator.
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /əˈkju.zɚ/
- (UK) IPA(key): /əˈkjuː.zə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -uːzə(ɹ)
Noun
accuser (plural accusers)
Derived terms
Translations
one who accuses
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References
- “accuser”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French accuser, from Old French acuser, accuser, borrowed from Latin accūsāre.
Pronunciation
Verb
accuser
- (transitive) to accuse
- (transitive) to find fault with
- 1857, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, page 180:
- Emma portait sa lettre au bout du jardin... Rodolphe venait l’y chercher et en plaçait une autre, qu’elle accusait toujours d’être trop courte.
- Emma took her letter to the end of the garden... Rodolphe came and fetched it and put another in its place, which she always found fault with for being too short.
- (intransitive, formal) to show; to reveal
- (when used with ~ réception) to acknowledge receipt of something
Conjugation
Conjugation of accuser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | accuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | accusant /a.ky.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | accusé /a.ky.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | accuse /a.kyz/ |
accuses /a.kyz/ |
accuse /a.kyz/ |
accusons /a.ky.zɔ̃/ |
accusez /a.ky.ze/ |
accusent /a.kyz/ |
| imperfect | accusais /a.ky.zɛ/ |
accusais /a.ky.zɛ/ |
accusait /a.ky.zɛ/ |
accusions /a.ky.zjɔ̃/ |
accusiez /a.ky.zje/ |
accusaient /a.ky.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | accusai /a.ky.ze/ |
accusas /a.ky.za/ |
accusa /a.ky.za/ |
accusâmes /a.ky.zam/ |
accusâtes /a.ky.zat/ |
accusèrent /a.ky.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | accuserai /a.kyz.ʁe/ |
accuseras /a.kyz.ʁa/ |
accusera /a.kyz.ʁa/ |
accuserons /a.kyz.ʁɔ̃/ |
accuserez /a.kyz.ʁe/ |
accuseront /a.kyz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | accuserais /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ |
accuserais /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ |
accuserait /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ |
accuserions /a.ky.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
accuseriez /a.ky.zə.ʁje/ |
accuseraient /a.kyz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | accuse /a.kyz/ |
accuses /a.kyz/ |
accuse /a.kyz/ |
accusions /a.ky.zjɔ̃/ |
accusiez /a.ky.zje/ |
accusent /a.kyz/ |
| imperfect2 | accusasse /a.ky.zas/ |
accusasses /a.ky.zas/ |
accusât /a.ky.za/ |
accusassions /a.ky.za.sjɔ̃/ |
accusassiez /a.ky.za.sje/ |
accusassent /a.ky.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | accuse /a.kyz/ |
— | accusons /a.ky.zɔ̃/ |
accusez /a.ky.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “accuser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
Latin
Verb
accūser
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French acuser, accuser, borrowed from Latin accuso, accusare.
Verb
accuser
- to accuse
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of accuser
| infinitive | simple | accuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | accusant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | accusé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | accuse | accuses | accuse | accusons | accusez | accusent |
| imperfect | accusois, accusoys | accusois, accusoys | accusoit, accusoyt | accusions, accusyons | accusiez, accusyez | accusoient, accusoyent | |
| past historic | accusa | accusas | accusa | accusasmes | accusastes | accuserent | |
| future | accuserai, accuseray | accuseras | accusera | accuserons | accuserez | accuseront | |
| conditional | accuserois, accuseroys | accuserois, accuseroys | accuseroit, accuseroyt | accuserions, accuseryons | accuseriez, accuseryez | accuseroient, accuseroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | accuse | accuses | accuse | accusons | accusez | accusent |
| imperfect | accusasse | accusasses | accusast | accusassions | accusassiez | accusassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | accuse | — | accusons | accusez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: accuser