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Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh adnabot, from an adjective form related to Proto-Celtic *ati-gninati (“to know”) (compare Old Irish ad·gnin) compounded with bod (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, a nasal-infix present of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
The form adwaen is from Proto-Celtic *ati-uɸo-gninati.
Pronunciation
Verb
adnabod (first-person singular present adwaen)
- to recognize (to match in memory; to know from a previous encounter)
- to know (be acquainted or familiar with)
Usage notes
In the literary language, this verb means ‘recognize’/‘know’ (in the sense of French connaître and German kennen); in the colloquial language it means only ‘recognize’, while ‘know’ is nabod.
Conjugation
Conjugation
| Literary forms
|
singular
|
plural
|
impersonal
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| present indicative
|
adwaen, adwen
|
adweini, adwaenost
|
adwaen, adwen, edwyn
|
adwaenom, adwaenwn
|
adwaenoch, adwaenwch
|
adwaenant
|
adwaenir, adweinir
|
| future/present habitual
|
adweinaf, adnabyddaf
|
adweini, adnabyddi
|
adwaen, adnebydd
|
adwaenwn, adnabyddwn
|
adwaenwch, adnabyddwch
|
adwaenant, adnabyddant
|
adnabyddir
|
| imperfect indicative/conditional
|
adwaenwn
|
adwaenit
|
adwaenai
|
adwaenem
|
adwaenech
|
adwaenent, adwaenynt
|
adwaenid, adweinid
|
| preterite
|
adnabûm, adnabyddais
|
adnabuost, adnabyddaist
|
adnabu, adnabyddodd
|
adnabuom, adnabyddom
|
adnabuoch, adnabyddoch
|
adnabuont, adnabuant, adnabyddont
|
adnabuwyd
|
| pluperfect
|
adnabuaswn, adwaenaswn
|
adnabuasit, adwaenasit
|
adnabuasai, adwaenasai
|
adnabuasem, adwaenasem
|
adnabuasech, adwaenasech
|
adnabuasent, adwaenasent
|
adnabuasid, adnabuesid
|
| present subjunctive
|
adnapwyf, adnabyddwyf
|
adnepych, adnabyddych
|
adnapo, adnabyddo
|
adnapom, adnabyddom
|
adnapoch, adnabyddoch
|
adnapont, adnabyddont
|
adnaper, adnabydder
|
| imperfect subjunctive
|
adnapwn, adwaenwn, adnabyddwn
|
adnapit, adwaenit, adnabyddit
|
adnapai, adwaenai, adnabyddai
|
adnapem, adwaenem, adnabyddem
|
adnapech, adwaenech, adnabyddech
|
adnapent, adwaenent, adnabyddent
|
adnapid, adnabyddid
|
| imperative
|
—
|
adnebydd
|
adnabydded
|
adnabyddwn
|
adnabyddwch
|
adnabyddent
|
adnaper, adnabydder, adwaener
|
| verbal noun
|
adnabod
|
| verbal adjectives
|
adnabodedig, adnabyddedig, adwaenedig
adnabodadwy, adnabyddadwy
|
| Inflected colloquial forms
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| future
|
adnabydda i, adnabyddaf i
|
adnabyddi di
|
adnabyddith o/e/hi, adnabyddiff e/hi
|
adnabyddwn ni
|
adnabyddwch chi
|
adnabyddan nhw
|
| conditional
|
adnabyddwn i, adwaenwn i
|
adnabyddet ti, adwaenet ti
|
adnabyddai fo/fe/hi, adwaenai fo/fe/hi
|
adnabydden ni, adwaenen ni
|
adnabyddech chi, adwaenech chi
|
adnabydden nhw, adwaenen nhw
|
| preterite
|
adnabyddais i, adnabyddes i
|
adnabyddaist ti, adnabyddest ti
|
adnabyddodd o/e/hi
|
adnabyddon ni
|
adnabyddoch chi
|
adnabyddon nhw
|
| imperative
|
—
|
adnabydda
|
—
|
—
|
adnabyddwch}
|
—
|
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
|
Synonyms
- (to know (be acquainted or familiar with)): nabod (colloquial)
Derived terms
Mutation
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “adwaen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies