af-

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See also: af, AF, aF, A.F., and äf

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse af-. Compare German ab-, Swedish av-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

af-

  1. de-, to cause to cease to be
    tabuisere (“to taboo”) -> aftabuisere (“to detaboo”)
    klassificere (“classify, make classified (secret)”) -> afklassificere (“declassify, make unclassified”)
    militarisere (“militarize”) -> afmilitarisere (“demilitarize”)
    mystificere (“mystify”) -> afmystificere (“demystify”)
  2. off, from (signifies removal)
    rive (“rip”) -> afrive (“rip off”)
    skrælle (“peel”) -> afskrælle

Synonyms

Derived terms

Danish terms prefixed with af-

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ab.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɑf/
  • Audio(file)

Prefix

af-

  1. (prefix) de-, en-
  2. down
  3. off

Derived terms

Category Dutch terms prefixed with af- not found

Gothic

Romanization

af-

  1. Romanization of 𐌰𐍆-

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse af-, from Proto-Germanic *aba-.

Prefix

af-

  1. de-

Derived terms

Icelandic terms prefixed with af-

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aba-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

af-

  1. away, off, from, away from
    ofcuman, afcuman ― to come from, originate from

Usage notes

  • This is a verbal prefix. The noun counterpart of this prefix is æf-.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aba-. Cognate with Old Norse æf-.

Prefix

af-

  1. away, off, from, away from
  2. excessively, negatively

Derived terms

Old Norse terms prefixed with af-

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aba-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”).

Pronunciation

Prefix

af-

  1. Forming verbs and adjectives with the sense of "off", "away", "from", "out of", "away from"
    afgevan/afgeƀan (“to give up, surrender”)
  2. down
    afbrekan (“break down, pluck”)
    afheldian (“go down, end”)

Scots

Prefix

af-

  1. Shetland form of aff-

References

Swedish

Prefix

af-

  1. Obsolete spelling of av-

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *aβ̃-, from Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.

Pronunciation

Prefix

af-

  1. not, un-, non-, an-, dis-, negative prefix
    Synonym: an-
    ‎af- + ‎glân (“clean; honest”) → ‎aflan (“corrupt, evil”)
    ‎af- + ‎llwyddiannus (“successful”) → ‎aflwyddiannus (“unsuccessful”)
    ‎af- + ‎rhwydd (“easy”) → ‎afrwydd (“difficult”)
    ‎af- + ‎iechyd (“health”) → ‎afiechyd (“sickness, illness”)

Usage notes

The prefix af- triggers the soft mutation. It is used only before gl, ll, rh, and consonantal i, with an- used elsewhere.

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with af-

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
af- unchanged unchanged haf-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “af-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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