ainimm

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Old Irish

FWOTD – 14 September 2020

Alternative forms

Etymology

The forms with unpalatalized /n/ are from Proto-Celtic *anaman, while the forms with palatalized /nʲ/ (as well as the feminine gender) have been influenced by Latin anima. Both the native word and the Latin word are from *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ainimm f (genitive anmae, nominative plural anmain)

  1. soul, as opposed to corporeal body
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3d11
      ind ainim
      the soul
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a27
      Is and didiu for·téit spiritus ar n-énirti-ni in tain bes n-inun accobor lenn .i. la corp et anim et la spirut. […] Is hed didiu for·théit in spirut, in tain guidme-ni inducbáil diar corp et diar n-animm iar n-esséirgiu.
      So it is then that the spirit helps our weakness when we have the same desire, i.e. body and soul and spirit. Then the spirit helps when we pray for glory for our body and for our soul after resurrection.
  2. life
  3. living creature, animal

Inflection

Feminine n-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ainimm, ainim, anaim(m), anim(m) — anm(a)in
Vocative ainimm, ainim, anaim(m), anim(m) — anmanaH
Accusative anm(a)inN, anmuinN, ainimN, anaim(m)N, anim(m)N — anmanaH
Genitive anm(a)e — anmanN
Dative anm(a)inL, anmuinL, ainimL, anaim(m)L, anim(m)L — anmanaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: anam
  • Manx: annym
  • Scottish Gaelic: anam
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: ainmide

Mutation

Mutation of ainimm
radical lenition nasalization
ainimm
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-ainimm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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