ajtófél

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Hungarian

Etymology

ajtó (“door”) +‎ fél, originally a genitive construction; the latter element of debated origin:

  1. Deriving from Proto-Finno-Ugric *pele or *pēle (“column, stang”),[1] compare Finnish pieli (“jamb, post”), Estonian peel (“pole, post”), and Moksha (päĺ, “peg, pole”). This Hungarian term then coincided with the presumably unrelated Hungarian fél (“half”) and the (definitely unrelated) Hungarian fél (“to be afraid”).[2]
  2. Deriving from fél (“half, side”).[2]

Although neither origin can be excluded, the first seems to be more likely, while even in that case the sense fél (“half”) may have affected the development of this term.[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

ajtófél (plural ajtófelek)

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of ajtófélfa (“doorjamb, doorpost”)
  2. (archaic) Synonym of ajtótok (“doorcase, doorframe”)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ajtófél ajtófelek
accusative ajtófelet ajtófeleket
dative ajtófélnek ajtófeleknek
instrumental ajtóféllel ajtófelekkel
causal-final ajtófélért ajtófelekért
translative ajtóféllé ajtófelekké
terminative ajtófélig ajtófelekig
essive-formal ajtófélként ajtófelekként
essive-modal ajtófélül —
inessive ajtófélben ajtófelekben
superessive ajtófélen ajtófeleken
adessive ajtófélnél ajtófeleknél
illative ajtófélbe ajtófelekbe
sublative ajtófélre ajtófelekre
allative ajtófélhez ajtófelekhez
elative ajtófélből ajtófelekből
delative ajtófélről ajtófelekről
ablative ajtóféltől ajtófelektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		ajtófélé ajtófeleké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		ajtóféléi ajtófelekéi
Possessive forms of ajtófél
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. ajtófelem ajtófeleim
2nd person sing. ajtófeled ajtófeleid
3rd person sing. ajtófele ajtófelei
1st person plural ajtófelünk ajtófeleink
2nd person plural ajtófeletek ajtófeleitek
3rd person plural ajtófelük ajtófeleik

Derived terms

Compound words

References

  1. ^ Entry #738 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 ajtófél in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  3. ^ Benkő, Loránd, ed. A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára I–IV. (“The Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Budapest: Akadémiai, 1967–1984. →ISBN. Vol. 1: A–Gy (1967), vol. 2: H–O (1970), vol. 3: Ö–Zs (1976), vol. 4: index (1984).

Further reading

  • ajtófél in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
  • ajtófél in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (“A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
  • ajtófélfa in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
    • In the same dictionary, see also the entries of ró and odavet for example sentences with ajtófél.
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