aku

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See also: akū, Aku, Akụ, āku, āķu, and a'kü

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Brooke's Point Palawano

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)

Estonian

Etymology

A reduction of akumulaator, ultimately from Latin accumulātor.

Noun

aku (genitive aku, partitive akut)

  1. battery, cell, accumulator

Declension

Declension of aku (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative aku akud
accusative nom.
gen. aku
genitive akude
partitive akut akusid
illative akku
akusse 		akudesse
inessive akus akudes
elative akust akudest
allative akule akudele
adessive akul akudel
ablative akult akudelt
translative akuks akudeks
terminative akuni akudeni
essive akuna akudena
abessive akuta akudeta
comitative akuga akudega

Greenlandic

Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *aku- (“interval, to mix”), from Proto-Eskimo *akuv- (“between, to mix”). Compare akunneq (“interval”) and akulaaq (“crotch”).

Pronunciation

Noun

aku (plural akut)

  1. ingredient
  2. estuary, mouth of a river

Declension

Declension of aku
singular plural
absolutive aku akut
ergative akup akut
allative akumut akunut
ablative akumit akunit
prosecutive akukkut akutigut
locative akumi akuni
instrumental akumik akunik
equative akutut akutut

Further reading

Guaraní

Adjective

aku

  1. hot

Hadza

Pronunciation

Determiner

aku

  1. what kind?, which?

Related terms

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

aku

  1. bonito, skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

Particle

aku

  1. direction away from the speaker, away
  2. soon, later, earlier, last (week, year, etc.)

Usage notes

  • Mai and aku may change the meaning of the verb:
    aʻo mai (“to learn”) — aʻo aku (“to teach”)
    kūʻai mai (“to buy”) — kūʻai aku (“to sell”)

Synonyms

Antonyms

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Indonesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Malay aku, from Classical Malay اكو (aku), from Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku. Compare Maori aku, Malagasy aho. Doublet of daku.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: a‧ku
  • Rhymes: -ku

Pronoun

aku (first-person singular pronoun, referring to the speaker)

  1. I
    Aku mau makan. ― I want to eat.
  2. me
    Dia mengajak aku. ― He invite me.
  3. (informal) my (belonging to me)
    Kucing aku hitam. ― My cat is black.

Usage notes

  • This is an informal form of first-person singular personal pronoun.
  • The form is shortened to -ku when used as a possessive pronoun and the direct/indirect object of a verb.

Alternative forms

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

aku

  1. Rōmaji transcription of あく

Jarai

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuR, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuR.

Noun

aku (classifier ƀĕ)

  1. tail

Javanese

Romanization

aku

  1. Romanization of ꦲꦏꦸ

Kabishiana

Noun

äḳu

  1. water

References

  • Merritt Ruhlen, The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue (1996, →ISBN

Kapampangan

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈaku/,
  • Hyphenation: a‧ku

Pronoun

áku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Karo Batak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Latvian

Noun

aku f

  1. inflection of aka:
    1. accusative/instrumental singular
    2. genitive plural

Malay

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay (aku).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

  1. I (personal pronoun)
    Aku orang itu.
    I am that person.
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
    Ini aku.
    This is me.
  5. my (belonging to me)
    Ini beg aku.
    This is my bag.

Usage notes

  • Should not be used when speaking to anyone who is elder or of a higher status.

Synonyms

Verb

aku (Jawi spelling اکو)

  1. to confess, to admit to be true.
    Dia akui kesalahan dirinya
    He admits his own mistake.

Derived terms

See also

Malay personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person standard saya / ساي
aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God)
-ku / -كو (informal possessive)
hamba / همبا (dated) 		kami / کامي (exclusive)
kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive)
kita / کيت (inclusive)
royal beta / بيتا
2nd person standard kamu / کامو
anda / اندا (formal)
engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God)
awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger)
-mu / -مو (possessive) 		awak semua / اوق سموا
kamu semua / كامو سموا
kalian / کالين (informal)
kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal)
royal tuanku / توانكو
3rd person standard dia / دي
ia / اي
beliau / بلياو (honorific)
-nya / -ڽ (possessive) 		mereka / مريک
dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal)
royal baginda / بݢيندا

Further reading

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *au, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *au, from Proto-Polynesian *au, from Proto-Oceanic *au, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.
Cognate with Indonesian aku, Malagasy aho, Tagalog ako.

Pronoun

aku

  1. my (when talking of more than one thing)
    Ko aku tīpuna ērā. ― Those are my grandparents.

Usage notes

A possessive determiner which must be followed by a noun, unlike āku and ōku. This is the neutral or informal form and is not governed by the a and o categories. It cannot be stressed, in which case either āku or ōku must be used, depending on the category of the noun.

Declension

Maori possessive pronouns
singular object dual/plural object
singular subject A category O category Neutral A category O category Neutral
1st person tāku tōku taku āku ōku aku
2nd person tāu tōu tō āu ōu ō
3rd person tāna tōna tana āna ōna ana
dual subject
1st person, inclusive tā tāua tō tāua - ā tāua ō tāua -
1st person, exclusive tā māua tō māua - ā māua ō māua -
2nd person tā kōrua tō kōrua - ā kōrua ō kōrua -
3rd person tā rāua tō rāua - ā rāua ō rāua -
plural subject
1st person, inclusive tā tātou tō tātou - ā tātou ō tātou -
1st person, exclusive tā mātou tō mātou - ā mātou ō mātou -
2nd person tā koutou tō koutou - ā koutou ō koutou -
3rd person tā rātou tō rātou - ā rātou ō rātou -
A category: alienable possession; possessor has control of the relationship.
O category: inalienable possession; possessor has no control over the relationship.

References

  • “aku” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Mbyá Guaraní

Adjective

aku

  1. (to be) hot

Conjugation

    Conjugation of aku
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person
inclusive 		1st person
exclusive 		2nd person 3rd person
xee xeraku ndee nderaku ha'e haku nhande nhanderaku ore oreraku peẽ penderaku ha'e haku

Mmen

Pronunciation

Noun

aku

  1. forest

Further reading

Mori Bawah

Etymology

From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *ku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Moronene

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Bungku-Tolaki *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Nupe

Àkú

Etymology

From Hausa aku.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /à.kú/

Noun

àkú (plural àkúzhì)

  1. African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Javanese: ꦲꦏꦸ (aku)

References

  • "aku" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Sasak

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)

Tausug

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I

Ternate

Pronunciation

Verb

aku (Jawi أكو)

  1. (auxiliary) to be allowed, may
    aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira ― it is absolutely not allowed that they paddle earlier
    una owosa toma hito, mina moaku ua ― he enters the kitchen, she may not
    ngone fosabea ge aku ― we (incl.) may pray for that

Usage notes

As an auxiliary, aku follows the main verb. It may take the subject clitics (o, mo, etc.) only either for emphasis or when aku is used as the sole verb in a sentence.

Conjugation

Conjugation of aku
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st toaku foaku miaku
2nd noaku niaku
3rd Masculine oaku iaku, yoaku†
Feminine moaku
Neuter iaku
† - archaic

References

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *qa-ku. Cognates include Maori āku.

Pronoun

a aku

  1. (alienable) mine
See also
Tokelauan possessive pronouns
Inalienable (O-type)
singular dual plural
long short
1st person (excl.) o oku, o kita1 o māua o mā o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person o ōu, o koe o koulua o koutou
3rd person o ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Alienable (A-type)
singular dual plural
long short
1st person (excl.) a aku, a kita1 a māua a mā a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person a āu, a koe a koulua a koutou
3rd person a ana a lāua a lā a lātou
1) Sympathetic
*) Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns

Determiner

aku

  1. (alienable) my
See also
Tokelauan possessive determiners
Definite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) toku,
tota1 		to māua to mā to mātou oku,
ota1 		o māua o mā o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― to tāua to tā to tātou ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person tō toulua toutou ō oulua outou
3rd person tona to lāua to lā to lātou ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Definite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) taku,
tata1 		ta māua ta mā ta mātou aku,
ata1 		a māua a mā a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ta tāua ta tā ta tātou ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person tau taulua tautou au aulua autou
3rd person tana ta lāua ta lā ta lātou ana a lāua a lā a lātou
Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) hoku,
hota1 		ho māua ho mā ho mātou ni oku,
ni ota1 		ni o māua ni o mā ni o mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ho tāua ho tā ho tātou ― ni o tāua ni o tā ni o tātou
2nd person hō houlua houtou ni ō ni oulua ni outou
3rd person hona ho lāua ho lā ho lātou ni ona ni o lāua ni o lā ni o lātou
Indefinite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person (excl.) haku,
hata1 		ha māua ha mā ha mātou ni aku,
ni ata1 		ni a māua ni a mā ni a mātou
1st person (incl.) ― ha tāua ha tā ha tātou ― ni a tāua ni a tā ni a tātou
2nd person hau haulua hautou ni au ni aulua ni autou
3rd person hana ha lāua ha lā ha lātou ni ana ni a lāua ni a lā ni a lātou
1) Sympathetic

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *haku. Cognates include Hawaiian aʻu and Samoan a'u.

Noun

aku

  1. needlefish of the genus Strongylura

References

  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎, Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 10

Totoli

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

aku

  1. I (personal pronoun)
  2. me (direct object of a verb)
  3. me (object of a preposition)
  4. me (indirect object of a verb)
  5. my (belonging to me)
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