alam

Estonian

Etymology

Ultimately derived from ala (“area”).

Noun

alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)

1. inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing

Inflection

Derived terms

• alam-

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧lam
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/,

Noun

álam

1. knowledge, learning

Derived terms

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -alam, -lam, -am, -m
• Hyphenation: alam

Etymology 1

From Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Noun

alam (first-person possessive alamku, second-person possessive alammu, third-person possessive alamnya)

1. universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself.
2. nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design.
3. world

   Synonym: dunia

4. realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.

   Synonyms: daerah, kerajaan, negeri

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).

Noun

alam

1. banner, standard

   Synonyms: bendera, panji

2. an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• “alam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Kavalan

Noun

alam

1. bird

Lacandon

Adverb

alam

1. down

Latin

Pronunciation

• ālam: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.lam/,
• ālam: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lam/,
• alam: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lam/,
• alam: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lam/,

Noun

ālam f

1. accusative singular of āla

Verb

alam

1. inflection of alō:
   1. first-person singular future active indicative
   2. first-person singular present active subjunctive

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -am

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

alam (Jawi spelling عالم, plural alam-alam, informal 1st possessive alamku, 2nd possessive alammu, 3rd possessive alamnya)

1. realm, world
2. field (of interest)
3. (biology, taxonomy) kingdom: A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).

   Synonym: kerajaan (Indonesian)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Indonesian: alam

Further reading

• “alam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Portuguese

Verb

alam

1. third-person plural present indicative of alar

Tagalog

Etymology 1

From Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/⁠ellamu, illamu⁠/). Compare Bikol Central aram.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlam/,
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/, (now uncommon)
• Rhymes: -am, (now uncommon) -alam
• Syllabification: a‧lam

Noun

alám or alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

1. knowledge; learning; wisdom

   Synonyms: talino, dunong

2. understanding; sense

   Synonym: unawa

3. involvement; participation
4. (obsolete) goodwill; kindheartedness

   Synonyms: bait, mabuting-loob

   Malaking lubha ang alam ng loob mo.

   The kindness of your heart is too great.

5. (obsolete) gentleness; meekness

   Synonym: amo

6. (obsolete) affability

Adjective

alám (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

1. known; familiar

   Synonyms: batid, lantad

2. aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible

   Synonyms: batid, tukoy

3. clear; understood

   Synonym: maliwanag

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/,
• Rhymes: -alam
• Syllabification: a‧lam

Noun

alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔) (obsolete)

1. notification or request asking permission to proceed

Usage notes

• The sense is now only used in derived terms.

Derived terms

Further reading

• “alam”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎ (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎, La Noble Villa de Pila
  • page 27: “Afabilidad) Alam (pp) y buena cõdiciõ”
  • page 96: “Auiſar) Alam (pc) haçiendo ſaver algo a alguno”
  • page 108: “Benignidad) Alam (pp) de coraçon”
  • page 108: “Benigno) Alam (pp) y manſo de coraçon”
  • page 110: “Bienacondicionado) Alam (pp) benigno y manſo”
  • page 124: “Buena condiçion) Alam (pp) y afable”
  • page 180: “Condiçion) Alam (pp) buena”
  • page 183: “Consorte) Alam (pp) en lo que hiço alguno, caalam, el tal conſorte”
  • page 214: “Dar) Alam licençia al que la pide”
  • page 244: “Deſpedirſe) Alam (pp) pidiendo licençia”
  • page 389: “Liçençia) Alam (pp) alguno para irſe”
  • page 406: “Manſedumbre) Alam (pp) interior y exterior”
  • page 406: “Manſo) Alam (pp) que de nada ſe altera”
  • page 444: “Noble) Alam (pp) de condiçion y bondad”
  • page 446: “Noſe) Alam (pp) loque pregunta”
  • page 472: “Pedir) Alam (pp) liçençia para irſe”
  • page 538: “Saber) Alam (pp) alguna coſa”
  • page 538: “Sabiduria) Alam ”
  • page 602: “Voluntad) Alam (pp) buena”

Ternate

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

alam

1. world, universe

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English alarm.

Noun

alam

1. alarm