From Proto-Finnic *alku, equivalent to alkaa (“to begin”) + -u.
alku
Inflection of alku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | alku | alut | ||
genitive | alun | alkujen | ||
partitive | alkua | alkuja | ||
illative | alkuun | alkuihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | alku | alut | ||
accusative | nom. | alku | alut | |
gen. | alun | |||
genitive | alun | alkujen | ||
partitive | alkua | alkuja | ||
inessive | alussa | aluissa | ||
elative | alusta | aluista | ||
illative | alkuun | alkuihin | ||
adessive | alulla | aluilla | ||
ablative | alulta | aluilta | ||
allative | alulle | aluille | ||
essive | alkuna | alkuina | ||
translative | aluksi | aluiksi | ||
abessive | alutta | aluitta | ||
instructive | — | aluin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possibly from Proto-Ugric *alɜ- (“add, fasten to, fit”), in which case it is related to Hungarian alkalom (“opportunity”) and alkot (“to create”), and possibly also to Hungarian olt (“to vaccinate”).
alku (plural alkuk)
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | alku | alkuk |
accusative | alkut | alkukat |
dative | alkunak | alkuknak |
instrumental | alkuval | alkukkal |
causal-final | alkuért | alkukért |
translative | alkuvá | alkukká |
terminative | alkuig | alkukig |
essive-formal | alkuként | alkukként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | alkuban | alkukban |
superessive | alkun | alkukon |
adessive | alkunál | alkuknál |
illative | alkuba | alkukba |
sublative | alkura | alkukra |
allative | alkuhoz | alkukhoz |
elative | alkuból | alkukból |
delative | alkuról | alkukról |
ablative | alkutól | alkuktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
alkué | alkuké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
alkuéi | alkukéi |
Possessive forms of alku | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | alkum | alkuim |
2nd person sing. | alkud | alkuid |
3rd person sing. | alkuja | alkui |
1st person plural | alkunk | alkuink |
2nd person plural | alkutok | alkuitok |
3rd person plural | alkujuk | alkuik |
From Proto-Finnic *alku, equivalent to alkaa (“to begin”) + -u. Cognates include Finnish alku and Estonian alg.
alku
Declension of alku (type 4/koivu, k- gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | alku | alut |
genitive | alun | alkuin, alkuloin |
partitive | alkua | alkuja, alkuloja |
illative | alkuu | alkui, alkuloihe |
inessive | alus | aluis, alkulois |
elative | alust | aluist, alkuloist |
allative | alulle | aluille, alkuloille |
adessive | alul | aluil, alkuloil |
ablative | alult | aluilt, alkuloilt |
translative | aluks | aluiks, alkuloiks |
essive | alkunna, alkuun | alkuinna, alkuloinna, alkuin, alkuloin |
exessive1) | alkunt | alkuint, alkuloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
From Proto-Finnic *alku.
alku
Declension of alku (type II/võrkko, k-g gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | alku | algud |
genitive | algu | alkujõ, alkui |
partitive | alkua | alkuitõ, alkui |
illative | alkusõ, alku | alkuisõ |
inessive | alguz | alkuiz |
elative | algussõ | alkuissõ |
allative | algulõ | alkuilõ |
adessive | algullõ | alkuillõ |
ablative | algultõ | alkuiltõ |
translative | algussi | alkuissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |